This open access book examines key aspects of international cooperation to enhance nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and non-proliferation, thereby assisting in development and maintenance of the verification regime and fostering progress toward a nuclear weapon-free world. The book opens by addressing important political, institutional, and legal dimensions. Current challenges are discussed and attempts made to identify possible solutions and future improvements. Subsequent sections consider scientific developments that have the potential to increase the effectiveness of implementation of international regimes, particularly in critical areas, technology foresight, and the ongoing evaluation of current capabilities. The closing sections examine scientific and technical challenges and discuss the role of international cooperation and actions of the scientific community in leading the world toward peace and security. The book ¿ which celebrates 60 years of IAEA Atoms for Peace and Development and the EURATOM Treaty ¿ comprises contributions presented at the XX Edoardo Amaldi Conference, where eminent scientists, diplomats, and policymakers were able to compare national perspectives and update international collaborations.

Luciano Maiani holds the Enrico Fermi Chair at Sapienza University of Rome and is a former Director General of CERN. Professor Maiani predicted the existence and the properties of charged particles (GIM mechanism) crucial to the formulation of a gauge theory of electroweak interactions. Currently, his work is focused on the formation of quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions. Professor Maiani chaired the XX Edoardo Amaldi Conference.

Said Abousahl is EURATOM Coordinator, European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC) and is responsible for the work program implemented by the JRC institutes (monitoring and evaluation) in the fields of nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and non-proliferation. Dr. Abousahl was Co-Chair of the XX Edoardo Amaldi Conference.

Wolfango Plastino is Scientific Coordinator in the framework of the virtual Data Exploitation Centre (vDEC) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) for testing and evaluation of algorithms and datasets in support of the verification mission on radionuclide event screening categorization for the International Monitoring System (IMS) and International Noble Gas Experiment (INGE). Professor Plastino was Scientific Secretary of the XX Edoardo Amaldi Conference.