Biotechnology has emerged as one of the key environmentally safe technologies for the future which enables use of biomass to develop novel smart materials and to replace oil derived products. Fungi are the most efficient producers of the enzymes needed for this purpose and in addition they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, among which novel antibiotics can be found. Industrial application and exploitation of the metabolic capacities of fungi requires highly productive and robust gene expression systems, which can be achieved by selection of appropriate species and strain improvement. In this book we aim to summarize homologous and heterologous gene expression systems of fungi for production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. A broad overview on requirements, challenges and successful applications shall serve as a basis for further development of fungi as biotechnological workhorses in research and industry.

Dr. Monika Schmoll received her degree and Ph. D. on the topic of "Regulation of cellulase expression and signal transduction in the filamentous fungus Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei)" at the Vienna University of Technology, Austria. Besides gaining postdoctoral experience and building her own group at the Vienna University of Technology, she has been a visiting scientist in the laboratory of Professor N. Louise Glass (Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA), the University of Rome La Sapienza and the University of Szeged, Hungary. In 2012, Dr. Schmoll moved to the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Tulln, Austria, where she is now group leader and senior scientist. In march 2013 she completed her habilitation at the Vienna University of Technology in the field of "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

The primary research field of Dr. Schmoll is the interconnection between light response, sexual development and metabolism, with an emphasis on effects on cellulase gene expression in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. She showed for the first time that cellulase gene expression is modulated by light in T. reesei and could since then elucidate important mechanistic details on the underlying mechanism. Her group discovered the sexual cycle in the biotechnological workhorseTrichoderma, which had previously been considered asexual. Recently, her group also showed that communication upon sexual development is mediated by regulation of secondary metabolism. Her work with Trichoderma is complemented by contributions to genome annotation of several fungi (Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus nidulans, Postia placenta, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Phlebiopsis gigantea), especially in the field of signal transduction.   

Gene expression by yeasts versus filamentous fungi - perspectives and challenges.- Ascomycetes as fungal workhorses for industry.- Industrial uses of Zygomycetes.- Biotechnological application of basidiomycetes.- Mining fungal genomes for improvement of gene expression.- Targets of strain improvement in fungi.- Sexual development for strain improvement of fungi.- Using chromatin modification in biotechnology.- Awakening silent clusters for expression secondary metabolites.- High throughput construction of genetically modified fungi.- Regulatory mechanisms in enzyme production by fungi.- Regulatory mechanisms in production of metabolites by fungi.- Production of enzymes and performance proteins in Trichoderma reesei.- Aspergilli - versatile producers of proteins and metabolites.- Fungal gene expression systems for antibiotics production.- Novel fungal gene expression systems for the future of biotechnology.- Designing the ideal production host - strategies and challenges in strain improvement.- Challenges and perspectives in expression of enzymes and performance proteins.- Exploiting natural selection - are novel fungal isolates the future of industrial biotechnology?.- Targeted genetic modification of organisms versus random mutagenesis - will societal acceptance influence industrial strategies?.