This is a brief guide to the five most doable, impactful and proven techniques for assessing students’ mathematical understanding that teachers can implement every day.

Foreword
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I Getting Started
WHY FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT? ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Assessment Literacy: What Is It? Why Is This Important?
Formative/Summative: It's All Testing, Right?
Formative Assessment: Assessing to Inform
Classroom-Based Formative Assessment: Why Is This Important? You Do Have the Time to Do This!
Formative Assessment in YOUR Classroom: The Classroom Is Your Canvas!
Summing Up
Professional Learning Discussion Questions
PART II The Formative 5
CHAPTER 1 OBSERVATIONS
Observations: Background and Basics
Planning for Observations
Tools for Using Observations in the Classroom
Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Observations
Using Observations in YOUR Classroom
Summing Up
Professional Learning Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 2 INTERVIEWS
Interviews: Background and Basics
Planning for the Interview
Tools for Using Interviews in the Classroom
Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Interviews
Using Interviews in YOUR Classroom
Summing Up
Professional Learning Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 3 SHOW ME
Show Me: Background and Basics
Planning for Show Me
Tools for Using Show Me in the Classroom
Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Show Me Responses
Using Show Me in YOUR Classroom
Summing Up
Professional Learning Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 4 HINGE QUESTIONS
Hinge Questions: Background and Basics
Planning for Using Hinge Questions
Tools for Using Hinge Questions in the Classroom
Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Hinge Questions
Using Hinge Questions in YOUR Classroom
Summing Up
Professional Learning Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 5 EXIT TASKS
Exit Tasks: Background and Basics
Planning for Using Exit Tasks
Tools for Using Exit Tasks in the Classroom
Technology Tools and Tips for Exit Tasks
Using Exit Tasks in YOUR Classroom
Summing Up
Professional Learning Discussion Questions
PART III Next Steps
CHAPTER 6 IT'S YOUR TURN!
Why Formative Assessment? Issues and Opportunities
Chapter 1: Observations
Chapter 2: Interviews
Chapter 3: Show Me
Chapter 4: Hinge Questions
Chapter 5: Exit Tasks
What's Next?
Appendix: Book Study Guide
References
Index

Francis (Skip) Fennell, PhD, is emeritus as the L. Stanley Bowlsbey Professor of Education and Graduate
and Professional Studies at McDaniel College in Maryland, where he also directed the Elementary Mathematics Specialists and Teacher Leaders Project (ems&tl). He is a former classroom teacher, principal, and supervisor of instruction, and past president of the Association of Mathematics Teacher Educators (AMTE), the Research Council on Mathematics Learning (RCML), and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). He is a recipient of the Mathematics Educator of the Year Award from the Maryland Council of Teachers of Mathematics (MCTM), the Glenn
Gilbert National Leadership Award from NCSM: Leadership in Mathematics Education, the Excellence in Leadership and Service in Mathematics Teacher Education Award from the AMTE, the James W. Heddens Distinguished Service Award from the RCML, and Lifetime Achievement Awards from both the MCTM and the NCTM. In 2018, he received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from McDaniel College. Skip's many book-length and peer-reviewed journal publications and classroom experiences have focused on assessment, number sense, fractions, elementary mathematics specialists and mathematics teacher leaders, and teacher education.