Priscian of Lydia was one of the Athenian philosophers who took refuge in 531 AD with King Khosroes I of Persia, after the Christian Emperor Justinian stopped the teaching of the pagan Neoplatonist school in Athens. This was one of the earliest examples of the sixth-century diffusion of the philosophy of the commentators to other cultures.
Tantalisingly, Priscian fully recorded in Greek the answers provided by the Athenian philosophers to the king's questions on philosophy and science. But these answers survive only in a later Latin translation which understood both the Greek and the subject matter very poorly. Our translators have often had to reconstruct from the Latin what the Greek would have been, in order to recover the original sense.
The answers start with subjects close to the Athenians' hearts: the human soul, on which Priscian was an expert, and sleep and visions. But their interest may have diminished when the king sought their expertise on matters of physical science: the seasons, celestial zones, medical effects of heat and cold, the tides, displacement of the four elements, the effect of regions on living things, why only reptiles are poisonous, and winds. At any rate, in 532 AD, they moved on from the palace, but still under Khosroes' protection. This is the first translation of the record they left into English or any modern language.
This English translation is accompanied by an introduction and comprehensive commentary notes, which clarify and discuss the meaning and implications of the original philosophy. Part of the Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, the edition makes this philosophical work accessible to a modern readership and includes additional scholarly apparatus such as a bibliography, glossary of translated terms and a subject index.

Pamela Huby is an Honorary Senior Fellow at the University of Liverpool, UK.
Sten Ebbesen is Professor at the Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
David Langslow is Professor of Classics at the University of Manchester, UK.
Donald Russell is Emeritus Professor of Classical Literature at the University of Oxford, UK.
Carlos Steel is Emeritus Professor of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy at the University of Leuven, Belgium.
Malcolm Wilson is Professor in the Department of Classics at the University of Oregon, USA.

Abbreviations
Conventions

Introduction Richard Sorabji
- The Sixth Century Diffusion of Greek Neoplatonism
- Priscian and the Athenian Philosophers' Refuge with King Khosroes in Persia
- Khosroes' Interest in Greek Philosophy and Freedom of Discussion
- The Athenians' Move from Khosroes in Ctesiphon
- The Need for Retrotranslation Back to the Original Greek from the Surviving Latin Translation
- Who was Responsible for the Unintelligibilities in the Latin?
- The Contributors to Overcoming the Unintelligibilities of the Latin

Translation
- Preface
- Chapter 1: About the Soul, and Especially the Human
- Chapter 2: On Sleep
- Chapter 3: On Dreams as a Source of Prophecy
- Chapter 4: Astronomy and Climate
- Chapter 5: On the Efficacy of Contrary Medical Prescriptions
- Chapter 6: The Tides
- Chapter 7: How Elemental Bodies get Displaced
- Chapter 8: How Location Affects the Character of Living Things
- Chapter 9: Why do Things in a Good Universe Harm Each Other?
- Chapter 10: Of What is the Wind Made and Where Does its Motion Come From?
Notes

Bibliography
English-Latin Glossary
Latin-English Index
Latin-Greek Index
Subject Index