This Companion explores the profound influence of Socrates on the history of Western philosophy and provides an in-depth discussion of the various approaches to his philosophy.

Written by an outstanding international team of scholars, the volume covers the whole range of Socratic studies from the ancient world to the present day. The contributors review Socrates' life and the key philosophical doctrines associated with him, and examine Socrates' place in the larger philosophical traditions of the Hellenistic world, the Roman Empire, the Arabic world, the Renaissance, and contemporary Europe. They consider interdisciplinary subjects such as Socrates and Nietzsche, Socrates and psychoanalysis, and representations of Socrates in art.

This distinctive Companion will help readers to understand the meaning and significance of Socrates across the ages.

Sara Ahbel-Rappe is Associate Professor of Greek and Latin at the University of Michigan. She is the author of Reading Neoplatonism (2000) and a translation of Damascius' Doubts and Solutions Concerning First Principles (forthcoming).

Rachana Kamtekar is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Arizona.

Notes on Contributors x

Preface xiv

Acknowledgments xxiv

PART ONE: SOCRATES IN ANTIQUITY

Section I: Biography and Sources

1 The Trial and Death of Socrates 5
Debra Nails

2 Socrates and Euripides 21
Christian Wildberg

3 Socrates Among the Sophists 36
Paul Woodruff

4 Socrates the Freethinker 48
Richard Janko

5 How Does Socrates' Divine Sign Communicate with Him? 63
A. A. Long

6 Socrates, Antisthenes, and the Cynics 75
Susan Prince

7 Xenophon's Socrates 93
Louis-André Dorion

8 Picturing Socrates 110
Kenneth Lapatin

Section II: Plato

9 Socrates in Plato's Dialogues 159
Christopher Rowe

10 No One Errs Willingly: The Meaning of Socratic Intellectualism 171
Heda Segvic

11 Socratic Love 186
George Rudebusch

12 Socrates and Religious Experience 200
John Bussanich

13 The Politics of Plato's Socrates 214
Rachana Kamtekar

14 The Examined Life 228
Richard Kraut

15 Socrates: Seeker or Preacher? 243
Roslyn Weiss

16 Socratic Method and Socratic Truth 254
Harold Tarrant

Section III: Hellenistic Philosophy

17 Socrates in the Stoa 275
Eric Brown

18 Socrates and Epictetus 285
Tad Brennan

19 Socrates and Skepticism 299
Richard Bett

PART TWO: SOCRATES AFTER ANTIQUITY

Section IV: From the Medieval Period to Modernity

20 Socrates in Arabic Philosophy 317
Ilai Alon

21 Socrates in the Italian Renaissance 337
James Hankins

22 The Private Life of Socrates in Early Modern France 353
Daniel R. McLean

23 Socrates in Hegel and Others 368
Nicholas White

Section V: The Modern Period

24 Kierkegaard's Socratic Point of View 389
Paul Muench

25 Nietzsche and "The Problem of Socrates" 406
James I. Porter

26 The Socratic Hermeneutics of Heidegger and Gadamer 426
Francisco J. Gonzalez

27 The Socratic Method and Psychoanalysis 442
Jonathan Lear

28 Lacan and Socrates 463
Mark Buchan

29 From Grade School to Law School: Socrates' Legacy in Education 476
Avi Mintz

30 Socrates' Definitional Inquiries and the History of Philosophy 493
Hayden W. Ausland

Index 511