Preface ix
Introduction: Embracing Complexity 1
1 The Origins of Republican War Debt Policy, 1921-1923: A Case Study in the Applicability of the Open Door Interpretation 28
2 Herbert Hoover, the "New Era," and American Foreign Policy, 1921-1929 47
3 Political Isolationism, Economic Expansionism, or Diplomatic Realism: American Policy toward Western Europe 1921-1933 76
4 The American Conception of National Security and the Beginnings of the Cold War, 1945-1948 117
5 Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War: The United States, Turkey, and NATO, 1945-1952 164
6 Adherence to Agreements: Yalta and the Experiences of the Early Cold War 187
7 Victory: The "State," the "West," and the Cold War 221
8 Dreams of Freedom, Temptations of Power 243
9 9/11 and American Foreign Policy 281
10 Austerity and U.S. Strategy: Lessons of the Past 303
11 National Security 317
Index 337

Safeguarding Democratic Capitalism gathers together decades of writing by Melvyn Leffler, one of the most respected historians of American foreign policy, to address important questions about U.S. national security policy from the end of World War I to the global war on terror. Why did the United States withdraw strategically from Europe after World War I and not after World War II? How did World War II reshape Americans' understanding of their vital interests? What caused the United States to achieve victory in the long Cold War? To what extent did 9/11 transform U.S. national security policy? Is budgetary austerity a fundamental threat to U.S. national interests?
Leffler's wide-ranging essays explain how foreign policy evolved into national security policy. He stresses the competing priorities that forced policymakers to make agonizing trade-offs and illuminates the travails of the policymaking process itself. While assessing the course of U.S. national security policy, he also interrogates the evolution of his own scholarship. Over time, slowly and almost unconsciously, Leffler's work has married elements of revisionism with realism to form a unique synthesis that uses threat perception as a lens to understand how and why policymakers reconcile the pressures emanating from external dangers and internal priorities.
An account of the development of U.S. national security policy by one of its most influential thinkers, Safeguarding Democratic Capitalism includes a substantial new introduction from the author.

Melvyn P. Leffler is the Edward Stettinius Professor of American History at the University of Virginia and faculty fellow at UVA's Miller Center. His many books include For the Soul of Mankind and A Preponderance of Power.