Contents

1 Introduction

2 Cleaning of textile materials

2.1 Wet cleaning (Using water)

2.1.1 Washing with machine

2.1.2 Washing with hand

2.1.3 Washing chemicals

2.1.4 Other washing aids

2.2 Dry-cleaning

2.2.1 Dry-cleaning solvents

2.2.2 Other chemicals

2.3 Dry-cleaning vs wet cleaning

2.4 Drying

2.5 Pressing

2.6 Cleaning of protective textiles

2.6.1 Cleaning of firefighters' clothing

2.6.2 Cleaning of body armour

2.6.3 Cleaning of chemical protective clothing

2.6.4 Cleaning of other protective clothing

2.7 Effects of cleaning on clothing properties

2.7.1 Effects of wet cleaning

2.7.2 Effect of dry-cleaning

2.7.3 Precautions during dry-cleaning

3 Equipment for care of textiles

3.1 Washing equipment

3.1.1 Top Loading Washing machine

3.1.2 Front Loading Washing machine

3.1.3 Top vs front loading washing machines

3.1.4 Other designs

3.1.5 Dry-cleaning Machines

3.2 Drying equipment

3.3 Equipment used for pressing

3.4 Other equipment

4 Care labelling

4.1 Definition of care label

4.2 Terminologies used in Care Labelling

4.3 Care label requirements

4.4 Mandatory regulations

4.5 Processes described by care labels

4.5.1 Laundering

4.5.2 Bleaching

4.5.3 Dry-Cleaning

4.5.4 Tumble Drying

4.5.5 Ironing or pressing

4.6 Care labelling systems

4.6.1 International (ISO) Care Labelling System:

4.6.2 ASTM Care Labelling System

4.6.3 Canadian Care Labelling System

4.6.4 British Care Labelling System

4.6.5 Australian/New Zealand care labelling system

4.6.6 Japanese Care Labelling System

4.7 Example of care labels

4.8 Electronic care labels

4.9 Issues related to care labelling

5 Care instructions for specialty textile items

5.1 Carpet and rugs

5.2 Curtains and upholstery material

5.3 Bed Linen

5.4 Other items

5.4.1 Blinds, shutters and awnings

5.4.2 Blankets

5.4.3 Leather goods

5.5 Care based on fibre type

5.5.1 Cotton items

5.5.2 Woolen items

5.5.3 Silk items

5.5.4 Nylon items

5.6 Problems during laundering and dry-cleaning with solutions

Problems

Probable causes

Solutions

6 Stains

6.1 Types of stains

6.2 Removal of stains

6.3 Impact of stain removal on clothing properties

7 Storage of clothing

7.1 Apparel textiles

7.2 Storage of PPE

8 Environmental impact and health hazards of cleaning

8.1 Environmental impacts

8.1.1 Chemicals with potential hazards

8.1.2 New techniques for easy care finishes

8.1.3 Green cleaning

8.2 Health hazards

8.2.1 During laundering or dry-cleaning

8.2.2 Residual amount left in the clothing

8.2.3 Cross-contamination of diseases

9 Future trends

10 Conclusions

11 References

Dr. Rajkishore Nayak is currently working as a senior lecturer at the Centre of Communication and Design, RMIT University, Vietnam. He completed his PhD from the School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Australia. He has around 15 years of experience in teaching and research related to Fashion and Textiles. He published about 90 peer-reviewed papers in national and international journals. Recently, Rajkishore was awarded with the "RMIT University Research Excellence Award-2015". He also received the "RMIT University Teaching and Research Excellence Award-2012" and "RMIT University International Scholarship2008". He worked with the School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Australia from 2012-2016 in teaching and research.

Dr. Saminathan Ratnapandian is employed as Professor at EiTEX (Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology), Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. He earned his PhD from School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Australia in 2013. He was a research fellow at TRI/Princeton (Masters degree) and RMIT University (doctoral degree). His publications are available in a broad spectrum of reputed journals related to fashion and textiles. He has served the sector for nearly 25 years.