Bringing together debates concerning the social and political issues facing new religions in Europe and the Middle East, this collection extends its focus to Middle Eastern minority faiths, enabling exposition of spiritual movements such as the Gülen Movement, Paganism in Israel, and the Zoroastrians in Tehran.

George D. Chryssides studied at the universities of Glasgow and Oxford, and has taught at various British universities. He was Head of Religious Studies at the University of Wolverhampton, UK, from 2001 to 2008, and is now Honorary Research Fellow in Contemporary Religion at the University of Birmingham and York St John University. He has published extensively, principally on new religious movements, and is a Series Editor for the Routledge New Religions series. His books include Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses (2008), Heaven's Gate: Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group (2011), Christians in the Twenty-First Century (with Margaret Z. Wilkins 2011), Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements (2012), The Bloomsbury Companion to New Religious Movements (co-edited with Benjamin E. Zeller,2014), and Jehovah's Witnesses: Continuity and Change (2016). He was made an Honorary Member of the British Association for the Study of Religions in 2009, and is a Governor and Co-Vice-Chair of Inform.

1 Religious Minorities: Setting the Scenes Part 1: Mapping the minority religions 2 What do the censuses tell about minority religions? Some reflections on Estonia 3 Religious Minorities in Geneva: Reconsidering the Category 4 Minority Religions in Contemporary Lithuania: On the Margins of the Field of Religion? 5 Spiritual movements in times of crisis: An anthropological account of alternative spirituality in Portugal and Greece 6 Sacred Homeland, Glorious Ancestors and Old-time Language: Ethnic Elements in the Identity of the Zoroastrian Religious Minority in Modern Tehran 7 Jehovah's Witnesses and the Middle East Part 2: Monitoring, regulation and opposition 8 New Religious Movements in France: The Legal Situation 9 Religious minorities in democratic Spain: rekindling the past and considering the future 10 What do we talk about when we talk about legitimate religion? Failure and success in the registration of two Pagan communities in Finland 11 Religious Liberty in the Russian Federation after 1997 12 The Church of Scientology in Hungary: A 'Religious Multinationals' Case Study 13 Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: The Shaping of a Community-Building Discourse among Israeli Pagans, 1998-2012 14 The Gülen movement 15 Religion, social change and responding to persecution - the case of the Bahá'í community in Iran 16 The Bektashi-Alevi Spectrum from the Balkans to Iran: Sufi Minorities and Politics 17 Key Data on Religions by Country