Systems of innovation that are conducted within national borders can preserve inefficient solutions and prevent development. This has led to a feeling that transnational learning strategies are more and more desirable.

This book lays out a set of methods which can further enhance the experience of transnational learning, starting from the sociological ideas promoted by Charles Sabel of learning through monitoring, and by Marie Laure Djelic and others of the "translation" of experiences between different countries. Case studies and examples are collected from three fields: industrial development, tourism and local government.

Åge Mariussen is Botnia-Atlantica Institute leader at the University of Vaasa, Finland and Senior Researcher at the Nordland Research Institute, University of Nordland, Norway

Seija Virkkala is Professor of Regional Studies in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Vaasa, Finland.

Introduction Åge Mariussen and Seija Virkkala Part I: Conceptual, Preliminaries, Theores, and Methods of Transnational Learning 1. Sociological Preliminaries: The Societal Content of Transnational Learning Åge Mariussen 2. Geographical Perspectives: Regional Development and Transnational Learning Seija Virkkala 3. Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creatiion as a Framework for Transnational Learning in Regional Development Seija Virkkala and Åge Mariussen 4. Is Transnational Learning Possible? Åge Mariussen and Seija Virkkala 5. Methodologies and Methods of Transnational Learning Åge Mariussen and Seija Virkkala 6. New Public Management as a Global Community Promoting Transnational Learning: Agencificational as an Example Esa Hyyryläinen 7. Discovering the Process Perspective: Unfolding Potential of Transnational Learning in Interreg Verena Hachmann Part II: Nordic Attempts at Transnational Learning 8. Nordic Learning - Introduction to Part II Åge Mariussen 9. Industrial Development and Competence Building; Learning Across Converging Trajectories Seija Virkkala 10. Transnational Learning? The Case of Restructuring in Small Industrial Towns Kenneth Nordberg 11. Developing Destinations in the Northern Periphery Dieter K. Müller and Ulrika Åkerlund 12. Learning Transnational Learning: a Transatlantic Perspective Wanda George of Kristina Svels 13. Transnational Learning in Local Governance: Two Lessons from Finland Hannu Katajamäki and Åge Mariussen