Every medical student must be able to take an accurate history and perform a physical examination. This third edition of History and Clinical Examination at a Glance provides a concise, highly illustrated companion to help you develop these vital skills as you practice on the wards. Building on an overview of the patient/doctor relationship and basic enquiry, the text supports learning either by system or presentation of common conditions, with step-by-step and evidence-based information to support clinical examination and help you formulate a sound differential diagnosis.
History and Clinical Examination at a Glance features:
* Succinct text and full colour illustrations, including many brand new clinical photographs
* A new section on the development of communication skills, which explains how to communicate in different circumstances, and with different groups of people
* A self-assessment framework which can be used individually, by tutors, or in group practice to prepare for OSCEs
History and Clinical Examination at a Glance is the perfect guide for medical, health science students, and junior doctors, as an ideal resource for clinical attachments, last-minute revision, or whenever you need a refresher.

Preface 7

List of abbreviations 9

Part 1 Communication skills

1 Fundamental communication skills 10

2 Communicating information 12

3 Communicating bad news 14

4 Communicating with relatives 16

5 Cultural differences 18

6 Exploring sensitive issues 20

7 History and examination in clinical exams 22

Part 2 Taking a history

8 Relationship with patient 24

9 History of presenting complaint 26

10 Past medical history, drugs and allergies 28

11 Family and social history 30

12 Functional enquiry 31

Part 3 History and examination of the systems

13 Is the patient ill? 32

14 Principles of examination 34

15 The cardiovascular system 36

16 The respiratory system 40

17 The gastrointestinal system 42

18 The male genitourinary system 44

19 Gynaecological history and examination 46

20 Breast examination 48

21 Obstetric history and examination 49

22 The nervous system 50

23 The musculoskeletal system 54

24 Skin 56

25 The visual system 58

26 Examination of the ears, nose, mouth, throat, thyroid and neck 60

27 Examination of urine 61

28 The psychiatric assessment 62

29 Examination of the legs 65

30 General examination 66

31 Presenting a history and examination 68

Part 4 Presentations

32 Chest pain 70

33 Abdominal pain 72

34 Headache 74

35 Vomiting, diarrhoea and change in bowel habit 76

36 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 79

37 Indigestion and dysphagia 80

38 Weight loss 82

39 Fatigue 84

40 The unconscious patient 86

41 The intensive care unit patient 88

42 Back pain 90

43 Hypertension 92

44 Swollen legs 94

45 Jaundice 95

46 Postoperative fever 96

47 Suspected meningitis 97

48 Anaemia 98

49 Lymphadenopathy 100

50 Cough 101

51 Confusion 102

52 Lump 104

53 Breast lump 105

54 Palpitations/arrhythmias 106

55 Joint problems 107

56 Red eye 108

57 Dizziness 109

58 Breathlessness 110

59 Dysuria and haematuria 112

60 Attempted suicide 114

61 Immunosuppressed patients 116

62 Diagnosing death 117

63 Shock 118

64 Trauma 120

65 Alcohol-related problems 122

66 Collapse 124

Part 5 Conditions

Cardiovascular

67 Myocardial infarction and angina 126

68 Hypovolaemia 128

69 Heart failure 130

70 Mitral stenosis 132

71 Mitral regurgitation 133

72 Aortic stenosis 134

73 Aortic regurgitation 136

74 Tricuspid regurgitation 138

75 Pulmonary stenosis 139

76 Congenital heart disease 140

77 Aortic dissection 142

78 Aortic aneurysm 144

79 Infective endocarditis 146

80 Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis 148

81 Prosthetic cardiac valves 150

82 Peripheral vascular disease 151

Endocrine/metabolic

83 Diabetes mellitus 152

84 Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism 154

85 Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome 156

86 Hypopituitarism 157

87 Acromegaly 158

Nephrology and urology

88 Renal failure 160

89 Polycystic kidney disease 162

90 Nephrotic syndrome 163

91 Urinary symptoms 164

92 Testicular lumps 166

Gastrointestinal

93 Chronic liver disease 168

94 Infl ammatory bowel disease 170

95 Splenomegaly/hepatosplenomegaly 171

96 Acute abdomen 172

97 Pancreatitis 174

98 Abdominal mass 176

99 Appendicitis 177

Respiratory

100 Asthma 178

101 Pneumonia 180

102 Pleural effusion 181

103 Fibrosing alveolitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis and sarcoidosis 182

104 Carcinoma of the lung 184

105 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 186

106 Pneumothorax 188

107 Tuberculosis 189

Neurology

108 Stroke 190

109 Parkinson's disease 192

110 Motor neurone disease 193

111 Multiple sclerosis 194

112 Peripheral neuropathy 196

113 Carpal tunnel syndrome 197

114 Myotonic dystrophy and muscular dystrophy 198

115 Myasthenia gravis 200

116 Cerebellar disorders 201

117 Dementia 202

Musculoskeletal

118 Rheumatoid arthritis 204

119 Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis 206

120 Gout and Paget's disease 208

121 Ankylosing spondylitis 209

Other

122 Systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis 210

123 Malignant disease 212

124 Scleroderma 213

125 AIDS and HIV 214

Appendix: A self-assessment framework of communication skills in history and examination 216

Index 217

Jonathan Gleadle is Professor of Medicine at Flinders University and Consultant Nephrologist at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia. He was formerly University Lecturer in Nephrology and General Medicine at Oxford University.