This book is the first to deal with the impact on the Jews of the area of the sovietization of Eastern Poland. Polish resentment at alleged Jewish collaboration with the Soviets between 1939 and 1941 affected the development of Polish-Jewish relations under Nazi rule and in the USSR. The role of these conflicts both in the Anders army and in the Communist-led Kosciuszko division and 1st Polish Army is investigated, as well as the part played by Jews in the communist-dominated regime in Poland after 1944.

List of Tables and Maps - List of Documents - Preface - Notes on the Contributors - Introduction - The Sovietization of Western Ukraine and Western Byelorussia; J.T.Gross - Some Economic and Social Problems of the Jews of Eastern Galicia in the period of Soviet Rule (1939-41); A.Weiss - The Jews in Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland at the end of 1939: Numbers and Distribution; M.Siekierski - Jewish issues in the Polish literature of exile in the USSR; H.Siewierski - Sovietization and the Jewish response to Nazi policies of mass murder; B.Pinchuk - Jewish resistance in Small Towns in Eastern Poland; S.Spector - The Welfare of Polish Jewish Civilian Refugees in the Soviet Union (1941-43): Relief Supplies and their Distribution; K.Sword - The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Ehrlich-Alter Affair; D.Engel - The Jewish Issue in the Polish Army in the USSR and the Near East, 1941-44; R.Terlecki - Jews in the K sciuszko Division and First Polish Army; V.Nussbaum - The Road to New Poland: Jewish Communists in the Soviet Union, 1939-46; W.Rozenbaum - The Jewish Organising Committee in Moscow and 'The Central Committee' in Warsaw: June 1945-February 1946; H.Shlomi - Jewish-Polish Refugees repatriated from the Soviet Union to Poland at the end of the Second World War and afterwards; Y.Litvak - Index