Across the inland West, forests that once seemed like paradise have turned into an ecological nightmare. Fires, insect epidemics, and disease now threaten millions of acres of once-bountiful forests. Yet no one can agree what went wrong. Was it too much management - or not enough - that forced the forests of the inland West to the verge of collapse? Is the solution more logging, or no logging at all? In this gripping work of scientific and historical detection, Nancy Langston unravels the disturbing history of what went wrong with the western forests, despite the best intentions of those involved. Focusing on the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington, she explores how the complex landscapes that so impressed settlers in the nineteenth century became an ecological disaster in the late twentieth. Federal foresters, intent on using their scientific training to stop exploitation and waste, suppressed light fires in the ponderosa pinelands. Hoping to save the forests, they could not foresee that their policies would instead destroy what they loved. When light fires were kept out, a series of ecological changes began. Firs grew thickly in forests once dominated by ponderosa pines, and when droughts hit, those firs succumbed to insects, diseases, and eventually catastrophic fires.

Foreword
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Place and Ecology
Before the Forest Service
The Feds in the Forests
Making sense of Strangeness: Silvics in the Blues
Liquidating the Pines
Animals: Domestic and Wild Nature
Fire
Restoring the Inland West
Conclusion: Living with Complexity
Notes
Selected Bibliography
Index

Nancy Langston is professor of environmental history and social sciences and affiliate professor, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, at Michigan Tech. She is the author of Where Land and Water Meet: A Western Landscape Transformed (UW Press, 2015) and Forest Dreams, Forest Nightmares: The Paradox of Old Growth in the Inland West (UW Press, 2015).