Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Prologue | A San Francisco Courtroom

1. The Son of Immigrants, but All-American

2. The Call to Get Rid of the ?Japs?

3. Fred's Decision to Live Free

4. Jail Was Better than Camp

5. The Rocky, Winding Road to the Supreme Court

6. The Ugly Abyss of Racism

7. Rebuilding a Life

8. ?Intentional Falsehoods?

9. ?A Legal Longshot??

10. Correcting the Record

11. A Symbol in the Continuing Search for Justice

Epilogue

Notes

Glossary

A Note on Terminology

Selected Bibliography

Index

Fred Korematsu's decision to resist F.D.R.'s Executive Order 9066, which provided authority for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, was initially the case of a young man following his heart: he wanted to remain in California with his white fiancée. However, he quickly came to realize that it was more than just a personal choice; it was a matter of basic human rights.

After refusing to leave for incarceration when ordered, Korematsu was eventually arrested and convicted of a federal crime before being sent to the internment camp at Topaz, Utah.

He appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court, which, in one of the most infamous cases in American legal history, upheld the wartime orders. Forty years later, in the early 1980s, a team of young attorneys resurrected Korematsu's case. This time, Korematsu was victorious, and his conviction was overturned, helping to pave the way for Japanese American redress.

Lorraine Bannai, who was a young attorney on that legal team, combines insider knowledge of the case with extensive archival research, personal letters, and unprecedented access to Korematsu his family, and close friends. She uncovers the inspiring story of a humble, soft-spoken man who fought tirelessly against human rights abuses long after he was exonerated. In 1998, President Bill Clinton awarded Korematsu the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Lorraine K. Bannai is director of the Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality and professor of lawyering skills at Seattle University School of Law.