Zhonglian Huang is a Professor of Translation at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. He is a distinguished translation theorist, the initiator of variational translation theory, and founder of science translatology and applied translation studies. His main interests lie in translatology and the comparative study of translational Chinese and foreign languages. He has conducted four research projects sponsored by the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences and six projects funded by the Ministry of Education. He is the author of 26 monographs and translated works, and over 300 academic articles and the Editor-in-Chief of three academic book series. His current titles include Expert of the 100-Talent Program of Shannxi Province, Pearl River Scholar of Guangdong Province, board member of the accreditation committee of academic programs of the State Council, and committee member of the National Social Science Foundation.

Yongzhong Zhang is an Associate Professor of Translation at Hubei University of Economics, China. Holding a Ph.D. degree in Translation and Intercultural Studies, he has published two monographs and 23 academic articles in these areas.

Preface: Profile of the Variational Translation Theory

Chapter 1 Complete Translation and Variational Translation

Section 1 Traditional category of translation

Section 2 Newly-established category of translation

Chapter 2 Variational Translation Theory: A Brand-new Translation Theory

Section 1 What is variational translation theory

Section 2 Context of establishing variational translation Theory

Section 3 The system of variational translation

Chapter 3 Variational Translation Research: A Scientific Research Line

Section 1 Fact-based research strategy

Section 2 Pyramid-shaped research object

Section 3 Research tasks for effective development

Chapter 4 The Essence of Variational Translation

Section 1 The nature of translation

Section 2 The features of variational translation

Section 3 The nature of variational translation

Chapter 5 Variational Translation System

Section 1 The diagram of variational translation system

Section 2 Three elements of variational translation system

Chapter 6 Adaptation Techniques

Section 2 Seven adaptation techniques

Chapter 7 Methods of Variational Translation

Section 1 Classification of variational translation methods

Section 2 Eleven variational translation methods

Chapter 8 Hierarchy of Variational Translation

Section 1 Table of variational translation hierarchy

Section 2 The relations of variational translation methods in the hierarchy

Chapter 9 The Unit of Variational Translation

Section 1 An outline of translation unit

Section 2 The unit of variational translation

Chapter 10 The Process of Variational Translation

Section 1 The macroscopic process of variational translation

Section 2 The microscopic process of variational translation

Chapter 11 The Mechanism of Variational Translation

Section 1 Reader's restriction on the choice of translator

Section 2 Adaptation techniques determined by translator

Section 3 Adaptation techniques constituting the variational translation method

Section 4 Adaptation techniques acting on the original

Section 5 Form change depending on content ingestion

Chapter 12 The Special Effects of Variational Translation

Section 1 Abundance: Large amount of information

Section 2 Swiftness: Quick spreading of information

Section 3 Excellence: High quality of information

Section 4 Economization: Saving time and space of translation

Section 5 Preciseness: Precise positioning of information

Chapter 13 The Standards of Variational Translation

Section 1 Brief discussion of translation standards

Section 2 The standards of variational translation

Chapter 14 The Scope of Variational Translation

Section 1 Literary and art works

Section 2 Social science works

Section 3 Scientific and technological works

Chapter 15 The Value of Variational Translation

Section 1 Embodying translator's life value

Section 2 Highlighting the use value of original work

Section 3 Meeting readers' special requirements

Section 4 Pursuing the social efficiency of translation

References

Glossary