Eliezer and Miriam Ben-Rafael investigate world-cities' linguistic landscapes about the intermingling influences of globalization, the national principle and multiculturalism through conjunctions of their respective codes - lingua francas, national languages and ethnic vernaculars. These analyses lead to the elaboration of a paradigm of multiple globalizations.

Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Ph.D. (1974), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the Tel-Aviv University. He has published and edited many books on Globalization, the Israeli society, identity and language, including Handbook of Israel: Major Debates (2 vols) (De Gruyter, 2016). Miriam Ben-Rafael, Ph.D. (1998), Tel-Aviv University, is Independent Researcher in sociolinguistics. She has published in the area of bilingualism and English penetration of French, including, with Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Sociologie et Sociolinguistique des Francophonies Israéliennes (Peter Lang, 2013).