Charles Enoch is the European Studies Centre Fellow at St Antony's College, University of Oxford, UK, and Previous Deputy Director, International Monetary Fund, and Senior Advisor, Bank of England, UK. He is also the author and editor of numerous books and article, including on economic integration, and financial stability and restructuring, and has a Ph.D. from Princeton University, USA, and an MA from Cambridge University, UK.

1. Introduction

2. The EU in a Dangerous World: The Importance of Regional Economic Arrangements

3. Not All Member States are Created Equal

4. Treaties, Frameworks, and Powers

5. Economic and Monetary Union and Beyond: Differentiation in the EU

6. Non-treaty Relationships Across Core and Periphery and Beyond

7. Response to the GFC: the European Supervisory Authorities

8. The Macroprudential Approach: A Strategy for All Seasons?

9. The European Systemic Risk Board: Financial Stability for the Entire Membership

10. The Covid-19 Pandemic, the Green Economy, and Financial Stability

11. Not all Member States Move Together: Differentiated Integration

12. Inclusive and Differentiated: Building Back Safer

13. Conclusions

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Appendix 3

Appendix 4