This book explores foreign policy developments in post-colonial Africa. A continental foreign policy is a tenuous proposition, yet new African states emerged out of armed resistance and advocacy from regional allies such as the Bandung Conference and the League of Arab States. Ghana was the first Sub-Saharan African country to gain independence in 1957. Fourteen more countries gained independence in 1960 alone, and by May 1963, when the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was formed, 30 countries were independent. An early OAU committee was the African Liberation Committee (ALC), tasked to work in the Frontline States (FLS) to support independence in Southern Africa. Pan-Africanists, in alliance with Brazzaville, Casablanca and Monrovia groups, approached continental unity differently, and regionalism continued to be a major feature. Africäs challenges were often magnified by the capitalist-democratic versus communist-socialist bloc rivalry, but through Africäs use and leveraging of IGOs ¿ the UN, UNDP, UNECA, GATT, NIEO and others ¿ to advance development, the formation of the African Economic Community, OAU¿s evolution into the AU and other alliances belied collective actions, even as Africa implemented decisions that required cooperation: uti possidetis (maintaining colonial borders), containing secession, intra- and inter-state conflicts, rebellions and building RECs and a united Africa as envisioned by Pan Africanists worked better collectively.

Stephen M. Magu's research focuses on international political economy, economic development, governance and foreign policy issues as relating to Africa. He is the author of Great Powers and US Foreign Policy towards Africa (2019), Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy: Soft Power Strategies in U.S. Foreign Policy (2018) and The Socio-Cultural, Ethnic and Historic Foundations of Kenya's Electoral Violence: Democracy on Fire (2018), and co-editor of Corruption Scandals and their Global Impacts (with Omar Hawthorne, 2018).

Chapter 1: The Beginning of a Post-Colonial Foreign Policy in Africa

Chapter 2: Conceptual Approaches to Foreign Policy and Application to African Countries

Chapter 3: Politics of Geography, Statehood, Residual Colonization and Territorial Integrity

Chapter 4: Africa Huru! Complex Events - Cold War, Residual Colonization and Apartheid

Chapter 5: Nation vs. Continent: Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity and Rebellion

Chapter 6: Made in Europe: Breaking Nations, Secession Movements and OAU Responses

Chapter 7: Region or Continent: O/AU Development and Regional Economic Communities

Chapter 8: Between BRICs' Promise and Past Western Trauma: Whither, Africa?

Chapter 9. Africa's Post-Colonial Foreign Policy: Assessing History, Imagining the Future