While the term ¿culture¿ has come to be very widely used in both popular and academic discourse, it has a variety of meanings, and the differences among these have not been given sufficient attention. This book explores these meanings, and identifies some of the problems associated with them, as well as examining the role that values should play in cultural analysis.
The development of four, very different, conceptions of culture is traced from the nineteenth century onwards: a notion of aesthetic cultivation associated with Matthew Arnold; the evolutionary view of culture characteristic of nineteenth-century anthropology; the idea of diverse cultures characteristic of twentieth and twenty-first century anthropology; and a conception of culture as a process of situated meaning-making ¿ found today across anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies. These conceptions of culture are interrogated, and a reformulation of the concept is sketched.
This book will be of interest to students and scholars across a variety of fields, including anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, and education.

1. Introduction. -  2. Two Singular Conceptions of Culture: The Aesthetic and the Developmental. - 3. Culture in Sociology and Cultural Studies. - 4. Problems with the Concept of Culture and a Suggested Reformulation. - 5. Epilogue. 

Martyn Hammersley is Emeritus Professor of Educational and Social Research at The Open University, UK.