This book re-evaluates epidemiological and occupational health studies, experimental studies in animals and in vitro experiments relating to the toxicity of 27 metal and metalloid elements for which evidence of carcinogenicity has been presented.Human carcinogenic risk is substantiated in relation to arsenic, beryllium, thorium, chromium, radioactive elements, probably lead, and some nickel and cobalt compounds, and respirable silica particles, but the carcinogenicity of iron, aluminium, titanium, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, mercury, precious metals, and certain related compounds in humans is unresolved.The toxicity and carcinogenicity of each element is specific but correlates poorly with its position in the Periodic Table.Carcinogenicity differs according to the valency of the ion and its ability to interact with and penetrate membranes in target cells and to bind, denature or induce mutations by genotoxic or epigenetic mechanisms.

This important text comprehensively examines each of the elements providing detailed information on the carcinogenicity and toxicity and detailing the most up-to-date research in this area. The book is an essential tool for toxicologists, medicinal and biochemists, and environmental scientists working in both industry and academia.

Introduction; Criteria and Classification of Metals and Metalloid Elements as Carcinogens; Interaction between elements in carcinogenesis; Arsenic, antimony and bismuth; Chromium, nickel, cobalt, tungsten and the hard metal complexes; Beryllium; Aluminium and zirconium; Zinc, cadmium and mercury; Lead; Iron; Precious metals, Silver, Gold and Platinum-related metals; Miscellaneous metals and metalloid elements; Mechanisms and modes of action in metal-related carcinogenesis; Discussion and Conclusions

40 years research into the biology and pathology of the skin and its response to injury. Research into the nutrition and physiology of trace and xenbiotic metals in the skin. Study of intrinsic cytoprotective mechanisms against metal toxicity. Special studies onthe biological value of silver in wound care and as an antimicrobial agent in medical devices. International consultant and lecturer. Published 250 scientific papers and book chapters.