Causality is a core problem in social science methodology, as the laws of causality found in physics - which state generalizations without exceptions - are not found in the social sciences. As a consequence, classical definitions of the causal relation, such as John Stuart Mill's definition in terms of invariant succession, need either to be modified and qualified, or replaced by a different concept of causality entirely. This has led to a long and complex literature on the problems of causality.

This four volume major reference work, Causality, covers the main issues, methods of analysis, and alternatives, of causality, including the classic texts applying these alternative concepts and methods to empirical cases. The volumes give a substantial historical and philosophical introduction relevant to the concerns of practitioners. As a whole, the volumes represent a complete guide to the literature on social science causality from the beginning to the present.t.

VOLUME 1
On the Study of Causes - L.A. Quetelet
Quetelet on Probabilities - John F.W. Herschel
Causation - John Venn
Mariage - Jacques Bertillon
The Scientific Law - Karl Pearson
Cause and Effect-Probability - Karl Pearson
Contingency and Correlation-the Insufficiency of Causation - Karl Pearson
On the Correlation of Total Pauperism with Proportion of Out-Relief - G. Udny Yule
An Investigation into the Causes in Pauperism in England, Chiefly During the Last Two Intercensal Decades - G. Udny Yule
Partial Association - G. Udny Yule
VOLUME 2
The Generalizing Theories: Adequate cause - H.L.A. Hart and Tony Honoré
Concerning Cause and the Law of Torts - Guido Calabresi
Causation in Tort Law - Richard W. Wright
Causal Ordering and Identifiability - Herbert A. Simon
Spurious Correlation: A causal interpretation - Herbert A. Simon
Correlation and Causality: The multivariate case - H.M. Blalock, Jr.
The Introduction of Additional Variables and the Problem of Spuriousness - Herbert Hyman
The Introduction of Additional Variables and the Elaboration of Analysis - Herbert Hyman
The Environment and Disease: Association or causation? - Austin Bradford Hill
Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Models - C.W.J. Granger
Spurious Regressions in Econometrics - C.W.J. Granger and P. Newbold
Testing for Causality: A personal viewpoint - C.W.J. Granger
Statistics and Causal Inference - Paul W. Holland
Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment: Which ifs have causal answers? - Donald B. Rubin
Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment - D.R. Cox
Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment: Statistics and metaphysics - Clark Glymour
Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment - Clive Granger
Statistics and Causal Inference: Rejoinder - Paul W. Holland
Causal Inference, Path Analysis, and Recursive Structural Equations Models - Paul W. Holland
Dangers of Cigarette Smoking - Ronald A. Fisher
Cigarettes, Cancer, and Statistics - Ronald A. Fisher
The Nature of Probability - Ronald A. Fisher
Lung Cancer and Cigarettes - Ronald A. Fisher
Cancer and Smoking - Ronald A. Fisher
Inhaling - Ronald A. Fisher
Review - C.C. Spicer
Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error - James J. Heckman
Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training - James J. Heckman and Joseph V. Hotz
Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Comment - Paul W. Holland
Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Comment - Robert Moffitt
Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Rejoinder - James J. Heckman and Joseph V. Hotz
VOLUME 3
Graphs, Causality, and Structural Equation Models - Judea Pearl
Confounding and Collapsibility in Causal Inference - Sander Greenland, Judea Pearl and James M. Robins
Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research - Judea Pearl
Graphical Models for Causation, and the Identification Problem - David A. Freedman
Measures of Association for Cross Classifications - Leo A. Goodman and William H. Kruskal
Simple Models for the Analysis of Association in Cross-classifications Having Ordered Categories - Leo A. Goodman
The Multivariate Analysis of Qualitative Data: Interactions among multiple classifications - Leo A. Goodman
The Analysis of Cross-classified Data: Independence, quasi-independence, and interactions in contingency tables with or without missing entries - Leo A. Goodman
The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin
Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies - Donald B. Rubin
Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods that Incorporate the Propensity Score - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin
Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin
Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables - Joshua D. Angrist, Guido W. Imbens and Donald B. Rubin
Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The role of randomization - Donald B. Rubin
Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores - Donald B. Rubin
Assignment of Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate - Donald B. Rubin
From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The role of tests of strongly ignorable treatment assignment - Paul R. Rosenbaum
Notes on the Theory of Association of Attributes in Statistics - G. Udny Yule
The Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables - E.H. Simpson
On Simpson¿s Paradox and the Sure-thing Principle - Colin R. Blyth
Confounding and Simpson¿s Paradox - Steven A. Julious and Mark A. Mullee
Comment on: ¿Confounding and Simpson¿s Paradox¿ - C.R. Charig
Ecological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals - W.S. Robinson
Social experiments: Some developments over the past fifteen years - T.D. Cook and W.R. Shadish
The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations - Reuben M. Baron and David A. Kenny
VOLUME 4
Causal Laws and Effective Strategies - Nancy Cartwright
Causes and Conditions - J.L. Mackie
Causation - David Lewis
Causation - David Lewis
Causation as Influence - David Lewis
Small n¿s and Big Conclusions: An examination of the reasoning in comparative studies based on a small number of cases - Stanley Lieberson
Utilizing Causal Models to Discover Flaws in Experiments - Herbert L. Costner
Statistical Models and Shoe Leather - David A. Freedman
From Association to Causation Via Regression - David A. Freedman
Nuisance Variables and the Ex Post Facto Design - Paul Meehl
The Path Analysis Controversy: A new statistical approach to strong appraisal of verisimilitude - Paul E. Meehl and Nils G. Waller