A long and ongoing challenge for social justice movements has been how to address difference. Traditional strategies have often emphasized universalizing messages and common identities as means of facilitating collective action. Feminist movements, gay liberation movements, racial justice movements, and even labour movements, have all focused predominantly on respective singular dimensions of oppression. Each has called on diverse groups of people to mobilize, but without necessarily acknowledging or grappling with other relevant dimensions of identity and oppression. While focusing on commonality can be an effective means of mobilization, universalist messages can also obscure difference and can serve to exclude and marginalize groups in already precarious positions. Scholars and activists, particularly those located at the intersection of these movements, have long advocated for more inclusive approaches that acknowledge the significance and complexity of different social locations, with mixed success.
Gendered Mobilizations and Intersectional Challenges provides a much-needed intersectional analysis of social movements in Europe and North America. With an emphasis on gendered mobilization, it looks at movements traditionally understood and/or classified as singularly gendered as well as those organized around other dimensions of identity and oppression or at the intersection of multiple dimensions.

Jill Irvine is Presidential Professor of Women¿s and Gender Studies at the University of Oklahoma. She is founding director and currently co-director of the OU Center for Social Justice.
Sabine Lang is Associate Professor of International and European Studies at the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies of the University of Washington.
Celeste Montoya is Associate Professor of Women and Gender Studies at the University of Colorado Boulder. She is Director of the Miramontes Arts & Science Program.

Introduction: Gendered Mobilizations and Intersectional Challenges
Jill Irvine, Sabine Lang, Celeste Montoya
Part I. Intersectionality Within Gendered Social Movements
Chapter 1: Activism on Reproductive Right as Gendered Mobilization in Ireland: The Limits and Potential of Solidarity across Difference.
Pauline Cullen
Chapter 2: Feminist Policy Mobilization and Intersectional Consciousness: The Case of Swedish Domestic Services Tax Reform (RUT)
Andrea Spehar
Chapter 3: The Politics of Intersectionality in Activism against Domestic Violence in Hungary and Romania
Raluca Maria Popa and Andrea Krizsan
Chapter 4: Non-Intersectionality: An Analysis of Conservative Women¿s NGOs in Turkey
Ayse Dursun
Chapter 5: Political Opportunities and Intersectional Politics in Croatia
Jill A. Irvine and Leda Sutlovic
Chapter 6: Intersectional and Transnational Alliances during Times of Crisis: The European LGBT Movement
Phillip Ayoub
Part II. Transversal Mobilization ¿ Building Alliances across Social Justice Movements
Chapter 7: From Identity Politics to Intersectionality? Identity-Based Organizing in the Occupy Movements
Celeste Montoya
Chapter 8: Navigating Transnational Complicities: Police Abolition, Settler Colonialism, and Intersectionality in Deadly Exchanges
Rachel H. Brown
Chapter 9: Enacting Intersectional Solidarity in the Puerto Rican Student Movement
Fernando Tormos
Chapter 10: Whose Refugees? Gender, ¿Cultural¿ Misunderstandings, and the Politics of Translation in Germany and Denmark
Nicole Doerr
Chapter 11: Equality and Recognition or Transformation and Dissent? Intersectionality and the Filipino Migrants¿ Movement in Canada.
Ethel Tungohan
Chapter 12: Sistas Doing It for Themselves: Black Women¿s Activism #BlackLivesMatter in the U.S. and France.
Jean Beaman and Nadia Brown
Chapter 13: Understanding Transnational Social Movements as Mimicking Alpine Formation
Petra Ahrens