Given their geographical separation from Europe, ethno-religious and cultural diversity, and subordinate status within the Nazi racial hierarchy, Middle Eastern societies were both hospitable as well as hostile to National Socialist ideology during the 1930s and 1940s. By focusing on Arab and Turkish reactions to German anti-Semitism and the persecution and mass-murder of European Jews during this period, this expansive collection surveys the institutional and popular reception of Nazism in the Middle East and North Africa. It provides nuanced and scholarly yet accessible case studies of the ways in which nationalism, Islam, anti-Semitism, and colonialism intertwined, all while sensitive to the region's political, cultural, and religious complexities.

Francis R. Nicosia is Professor of History and Raul Hilberg Distinguished Professor of Holocaust Studies at the University of Vermont. His authored books include The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (1985), Zionism and Anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany (2008), and Nazi Germany and the Arab World (2015).

List of Illustrations
Preface
Abbreviations

Introduction: Responses to Nazism and the Holocaust in the Middle East and North Africa
Francis R. Nicosia and Bogaç A. Ergene

Chapter 1. Arab Reactions to Nazism and the Holocaust: Scholarship and the "War of Narratives"
Gilbert Achcar

Chapter 2. Turkish Responses to the Holocaust: Turkish Policy toward the Jews, 1933-1945
Corry Guttstadt

Chapter 3. Demon and Infidel: Egyptian Intellectuals Confronting Hitler and Nazism during World War
Israel Gershoni

Chapter 4. The Persecution of the Jews in Germany in Egyptian and Palestinian Public Discourses, 1933-1939
Esther Webman

Chapter 5. Defining the Nation: Discussing Nazi Ideology in Syria and Lebanon during the 1930s
Götz Nordbruch

Chapter 6. Mosul as Paradise: Nazis, Angels, Jewish Soldiers, and the Jewish Community in Northern Iraq, 1941-1943
Orit Bashkin

Chapter 7. Philo-Sephardism, Anti-Semitism and Arab Nationalism: Muslims and Jews in the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco during the Third Reich
Daniel J. Schroeter

Appendixes

Appendix A: "The Jewish Question." Article by Hüseyin Cahid Yalçin, in the Turkish newspaper
Yeni Sabah, 24 January 1939

Appendix B: German-Turkish Non-Aggression Pact Signed at Ankara, 18 June 1941

Appendix C: "Immigration to the United States is best!! The supporters of immigration to Palestine are Few!!" Article in the Palestinian newspaper Filastin, 15 July 1938

Appendix D: "The Policy of Force and Violence in the World," Article in the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram, 15 November 1938

Appendix E: Memorandum on the Arab Question by the Director of the Political Department of the German Foreign Office, 7 March 1941

Appendix F: Telegram from German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop on Axis Policy and Arab Independence, 20 July 1941

Appendix G:  The High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco [Luis Orgaz] to His Excellency, the Minister of Foreign Affairs [Ramón Serrano Súñer], Madrid, 25 October 1941

Appendix H: Ambassador of France in Spain [François Piétri] to Mr. Admiral of the Fleet, Minister Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs [François Darlan], 15 December 1941

Appendix I: Memorandum from Amin al-Husayni, Berlin, to an Unknown Recipient, 20 October 1943

Appendix J: Letter from Amin al-Husayni to the German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, Regarding the Movement of Jews to Palestine, 25 July 1944

Index