A key text on the liberal arts of logic, grammar, and rhetoric known as the Trivium.

John of Salisbury (ca. 1115-76) studied with the great masters of the early twelfth century, including Peter Abelard and Gilbert of Poitiers, served as an aid to Thomas à Becket, a friend to Pope Hadrian IV, an annoyance (if not an enemy) to England's Henry II, and died as Bishop of Chartres. Daniel McGarry was professor of history at Saint Louis University. His translation of the Metalogicon was the first to appear in any modern language.