This book discusses the scale of nanomaterials and nanomachines, focusing on integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems. It considers different nanomaterials' interactions with chemical reactions, biological processes, and the environment. It examines the mechanical properties of nanomaterials and potential performance-enhancing treatments. It details accomplishments in the use of nanomaterials to create new electronic devices. It explores the optical properties of certain nanomaterials and the nanomaterials' use in optimizing lasers and optical absorbers. It also describes how nanomaterials from waste products may be used to improve capacitors.

Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy leads efforts in nano-enabled medicine and cosmetics domains within the Materials Research and Technology Department at Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (http://list.lu). He has spent his entire career to date in technology development environments, successfully integrating fundamental, cross-disciplinary, and translational aspects of fabrication, processing, and investigation of nanostructured materials and interfaces. He brings more than 10 years of transnational experience to advantage in driving innovation at the interface of nanotechnology, biology, and medicine. He has an active engagement in several professional activities, serving as a member of organizing committees in international conferences, member of journal editorial boards, and reviewer of grants, peer-reviewing journal articles, and scientific and administrative management of researchers at different levels.

Top Down Meets Bottom Up for Nanoscale CMOS and MEMS
Arindam Kushagra, Sampath Satti, and V. Ramgopal Rao

Synthesis and Assembly of Inorganic and Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanomaterials by Microreactor-Assisted Chemical Processes
Ki-Joong Kim, Chang-Ho Choi, Seung-Yeol Han, and Chih-Hung Chang

Studying Biologically Templated Materials with Atomic Force Microscopy
Andrew J. Lee and Christoph Walti

Environmental Fate and Effects of Nanomaterials in Aquatic Freshwater Environments
Arno C. Gutleb, Sébastien Cambier, Teresa Fernandes, Anastasia Georgantzopoulou, Thomas A.J. Kuhlbusch, Iseult Lynch, Ailbhe Macken, Kahina Mehennaoui, Ruth Moeller, Carmen Nickel, W. Peijnenburg, and Tomasso Serchi

Magnetron-Sputtered Hard Nanostructured TiAlN Coatings: Strategic Approach toward Potential Improvement
Vishal Khetan, Nathalie Valle, Marie Paule Delplancke, and Patrick Choquet

Functional Nanoceramics: Brief Review on Structure Property Evolutions of Advanced Functional Ceramics Processed using Microwave and Conventional Techniques
Santiranjan Shannigrahi and Mohit Sharma

Design of Magnetic Semiconductors in Silicon
Michael Shaughnessy, Liam Damewood, and Ching-Yao Fong

Solution-Based Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Logic Gate
Yan Duan, Jason Juhala, and Wei Xue

On the Possibility of Observing Tunable Laser-Induced Band Gaps in Graphene
Hernán L. Calvo, Horacio M. Pastawski, Stephan Roche, and Luis E.F. Foa Torres

Applications of Nanocarbons for High-Efficiency Optical Absorbers and High-Performance Nanoelectromechanical Systems
Anupama B. Kaul, Jaesung Lee, and Philip X.-L. Feng

Carbon Nanostructures from Biomass Waste for Supercapacitor Applications
Ankit Tyagi and Raju Kumar Gupta