This volume, the second in a series on topics in microcomputers in critical care and pulmonary physiology,' contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Computers in Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, held at the University of Lund in 1980 under the.,chairmanship of Prof. B. Jonson, M.D., Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Lund, Sweden. Clinicians and biomedical engineers from many countries parti­ cipated in a three day deliberation. Of special interest was the introduction of nuclear techniques in pulmonary medicine for the first time in this symposium series. It is the intention of the steering committee that such meetings should take place on an annual basis in the rapidly changing world of the science and technology of computing in clinical care, in prac­ tice and in pulmonary medicine. Editorial modification of the papers in this volume has been kept to a minimum. Changes have been made to ensure some uniformity in presentation and there has been some alteration of the English to avoid ambiguity, but our intervention has gone no further than that. It is hoped that the contents of this volume will enable those who are interested in the subject matter to be more aware of research developments occurring in so many different disciplines and so many different centres in America and Europe. Finally, I would like to thank Miss Bodil Richardson for her or­ ganisational and secretarial help. Thanks are also due to Prof. J.P.

Lung Models.- The Pathophysiology of Airways Disease.- Computing Continuous Distributions from Limited Data.- Comparison of Different Methods of Mean Alveolar PCO2 Measurement during Mechanical Ventilation: an Experimental and Theoretical Study.- Multicompartmental Analysis of Pulmonary Function Using System Identification Techniques.- Regional Lung Function and Imaging.- Tomographic Imaging of Regional Lung Density by 90° Compton Scattering.- Computer Analysis of Dynamic Krypton 81m Lung Scans in Infancy.- Comparison of Methods to Calculate Regional Lung Volume and Specific Alveolar Ventilation from Xenon-133 Wash-in Curves.- Identification Methods for Analysis of Xenon-133 Wash-out Curves: a Critical Comparative Study.- The Lung Function Laboratory: Spirometry Mechanics and Respiration.- The Flow-Volume-Measurement in Computer-Supported Lung Function Analysis.- Comparison of Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Function Impairment.- An Automated System for the Measurement of Airways Resistance Lung Volume and Flow-Volume Loops.- Analysis of Body Plethysmographic Pressure-Flow-Loops by Digital Computer.- Non-Invasive Alveolar Pressure/Flow Pattern Determination by Computerized Plethysmography.- A New Method for Estimating Changes in Bronchomotor Tone Using the Apple Microcomputer.- Computer Analysis of Breathing Patterns.- Automatic Data Processing in the Clinical Lung-Function Laboratory.- The Lung Function Laboratory: Gas Exchange.- On-Line Processing of Expiratory pCO2-Curves for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Emphysema.- Automatic Computation of Single Breath Nitrogen Test.- Automated Measurement of Single-Breath Diffusing-Capacity (TLSB) in Routine Lung-Function Testing.- Blood Gas Analysis-Graphical Data Representation by ComputerApplication.- A Computer Program for the Lung-Function Laboratory.- New Techniques in the Laboratory and Intensive Care Unit.- The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - Decision Analysis.- Computer-Assisted Analysis of Transthoracic Impedances.- Prediction of Tissue Perfusion and Heat Generation Rates by an Improved Heat Clearance Technique.- Semiconductor Electrolyte Analysis: Progress Towards Indwelling Chemical Sensors.- The System for Quantitating Thermal-Dye Extra-Vascular Lung Water.- The Gated Phonocardiogram: a Method of Digital Enhancement.- Exact BTPS-Compensation: A New Concept Realized with a Microcomputerized System.- Relevant Diagnostical Information in Terminal Airway Structure from Computer Analysis of Expiratory Concentration Volume Diagrams.- Computer Systems in the Intensive Care Unit.- System Design for the New Generation of Intensive Care Data Management Systems.- Computerized Medical Decision Making - An Evaluation in Acute Care.- Hierarchical Intermittent Respiratory Testing in the Intensive Care Unit.- New Possibilities in Paediatric Intensive Care.- A Programme for Critical Care Ventilator Management.- A Monitoring and Data Acquisition Program for Surgical Intensive Care.- Data System for Patients Requiring Artificial Ventilation.- New Aspects in Monitoring of Patients with Multiple Trauma in a Computer Assisted ICU.- Monitoring of Lung Function and Hemodynamics After Cardiac Surgery by Use of a Computer Assisted ICU.- Clinical Applications of Computers in the Intensive Care Unit.- Dead Space Analysis during Different Ventilator Settings: Use of the Single Breath Test for CO2.- A New Simple and Quick Method for Bedside Estimation of Functional Residual Capacity.- Validation of an Oxygen Wash-in Method for the Measurement of Functional ResidualCapacity in the Intensive Care Unit.- Continuous Distribution of Specific Tidal Volume and FRC from O2 and N2 Wash-in or Wash-out Data in ICU.- Arterial CO2 Tension Estimated Non-Invasively from End Forced Expired CO2 Tension.- Breath-by-Breath End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Analysis for Patients on Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation.- An Interactive Computer Program for Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation.- Feedback Controlled Ventilation.- Determination of Optimum PEEP: Computerized Analysis of the Effect of Artificial Ventilation with Various Levels of PEEP.- Experience with a Computer-Activated Trend-Detection Alarm for Mean Arterial and Left Atrial Pressures.- Automatic Analysis of Circulatory Shunts during Articicial Ventilation.- Dynamic Description of the Cardiac Performance during Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation in Dogs.- Automated Continuous Respiratory Quotient Test.- Post-Anaesthetic Gas Exchange: On Line Computer Methods.- Clinical Application of a New Method for Metabolic Monitoring in Patients after Cardiac Surgery.- Monitoring of Airway Pressure and Compliance Before and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass with Total Hemodilution.