Presenting the Second Temple era as an age of transition between a territorial past and an exilic and religious future, Judeans and Jews sharpens our understanding of this important era.

Introduction

I. Judean Historiography vs. Jewish Historiography: The First and Second Books of Maccabees

II. Priestly Judaism vs. Rabbinic Judaism

III. From Joseph b. Mattathias, a Priest of Judea, to Flavius Josephus, a Jew of Rome

IV. Judeans, Jews, and the Era that Disappeared: On Heinrich Graetz’s Evolving Treatment of the Second Temple Period

Conclusion

Appendix: May We Speak of “Religion” and “Judaism” in the Second Temple Period?

Daniel R. Schwartz is a professor in the Department of the History of the Jewish People and Contemporary Jewry and the academic director of the Scholion Interdisciplinary Research Center in the Humanities and Jewish Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.