Throughout human history, languages have been in competition with each other. As the world becomes more globalized, this trend increases. It affects the decision-making of those in positions of power and determines macro language policies and planning. Often decisions about language (or dialects or language variety) are related to usefulness - defined in terms of their pragmatic and commercial currency or their value as symbols of socio-cultural identity. Languages can be modes of entry into coveted social hierarchies or strongholds of religious, historical, technological and political power bases. Languages are seen now as commodities that carry different values in an era of globalization.
This volume engages with language policies and positions in relation to the roles and functions these languages adopt. It examines the 'value' of languages, defined in terms of the power they have in the global marketplace as much as within the complex matrices of the local socio-politics. These valuations strongly underpin the various motivations that influence policy-making decisions, and in turn, these motivations create the tensions that characterize many language-related issues; tensions that arise when languages become commodified.

Introduction, Peter KW Tan (National University of Singapore, Singapore) and Rani Rudby (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
1. Dimensions of Globalization and Applied Linguistics, Paul Bruthiaux (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
2. Linguistic Instrumentalism in Singapore, Lionel Wee (National University of Singapore, Singapore)
3. The Commodification of Malay: trading in futures, Lubna Alsagoff (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
4. Beyond Linguistic Instrumentalism: the place of Singlish in Singapore, Huan Hoon Chng (National University of Singapore, Singapore)
5. Linguistic Pragmatism and Globalization in Singaporean Chinese homes, Bee Chin Ng (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
6. Anatomies of Linguistic Commodification, T Ruanni F Tupas (National University of Singapore, Singapore)
7. The English language as a commodity in Malaysia:
The view through the medium-of-instruction debate, Peter K W Tan (National University of Singapore, Singapore)
8. English in India: the privilege and privileging of social class, Rani Rubdy (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore)
9. Negotiating language value in multilingual China, Agnes Lam and Wenfeng Wang (University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)

10. Language Policy, Vernacular Education and Language Economics in postcolonial Africa, Nkonko Kamwangamalu (Howard University, Washington D.C., USA)
11. On the Appropriateness of the Metaphor of LOSS, David Block (University of London, UK)
12. The commoditization of English and the Bologna
Process: Global products and services, exchange
mechanisms and trans-national labour, Jinghe Han (University of Western Sydney, Australia) & Michael Singh (University of Western Sydney, Australia)
Index