Preface vii
Contributors xi
THE UNIVERSITY OVERALL
The University and Its Critics, Frank H. T. Rhodes 3
On the Accountability of Higher Education in the United States, Martin Trow 15
THE PRESIDENCY
University Presidents - Then and Now, Harold T. Shapiro 65
On the History of Giants, Hanna H. Gray 101
THE FACULTY
A Neglected Topic: Professional Conduct of College and University Teachers, Henry Rosovsky with Inge-Lise Ameer 119
How Can Universities Teach Professional Ethics? Amy Gutmann 157
Unity or Fragmentation, Convergence or Diversity: The Academic Profession in Comparative Perspectice in the Era of Mass Higher Education, Oliver Fulton 173
THE PLANNING AND OVERSIGHT OF SCIENCE
A Time for Audacity: What the Past Has to Teach the Present about Science and the Federal Government, Daniel J. Kevles 199
New Policies for New Times, Frank Press 241
On the Future of America's Scientific Enterprise, Maxine Singer 251
Index 259

On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of Princeton University, leading educators and commentators participated in a symposium jointly sponsored by Princeton and The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Universities and Their Leadership is a collection of original essays from presenters at the Princeton Conference on Higher Education. Individually, these essays discuss aspects of contemporary higher education in the U.S. Taken together, they offer a useful perspective on issues that face American universities as they enter the twenty-first century.
The opening essay, "The University and Its Critics" by Frank Rhodes, confronts criticisms of the American university, examines how universities have changed over recent decades, and suggests a plan of action to restore public confidence and strengthen bonds of community within universities. "On the Accountability of Higher Education in the United States," by Martin Trow, deals with the critical issue of responsibility. Harold Shapiro's essay, "University Presidents--Then and Now," blends personal insights with a historical account of changes over time in the roles of university presidents. In commenting on Shapiro's paper, Hanna Gray draws on her experiences as a university president and her training as a historian to demonstrate that university presidents have always operated under constraints. Henry Rosovsky and Inge-Lise Ameer collaborate in the essay "A Neglected Topic: Professional Conduct of College and University Teachers," to which Amy Gutmann responds in an essay entitled "How Can Universities Teach Professional Ethics?" Oliver Fulton contributes a cross-cultural perspective in "Unity or Fragmentation, Convergence or Diversity: The Academic Profession in Comparative Perspective in the Era of Mass Higher Education." Daniel J. Kevles's essay, "A Time for Audacity: What the Past Has to Teach the Present about Science and the Federal Government," considers the historical partnership between the scientific community and the government. In reaction, Frank Press in "New Policies for New Times" comments on the shifting actions of major political parties in supporting research, and Maxine Singer, in her essay "On the Future of America's Scientific Enterprise," surveys opportunities and problems that have been created by recent scientific advances.

William G. Bowen and Harold T. Shapiro are former presidents of Princeton University.