Presents the perceptions that the Chinese and the Japanese have of each other, and the information that helped to fuel those perceptions. There are two sections: "China in Japan", debating the Asiatic Mode of Production and "kyodotai"; and "Japan in China", covering the Manchurian Railway.

Part 1 China in Japan; Chapter 1 On the "Rediscovery" of the Chinese Past: Cui Shu and Related Cases; Chapter 2 A New Direction in Japanese Sinology; Chapter 3 The Debates over the Asiatic Mode of Production in Soviet Russia, China, and Japan; Chapter 4 The Sino-Japanese Controversy over Shina as a Toponym for China; Part 2 Japan in China; Chapter 5 The Voyage of the Senzaimaru to Shanghai: Early Sino-Japanese Contacts in the Modern Era; Chapter 6 Confucian Pilgrim: Uno Tetsuto's Travels in China, 1906; Chapter 7 It? Takeo and the Research Work of the South Manchurian Railway Company; Chapter 8 New Directions and Old in Chinese Japanology;