Kevin V. Mulcahy is the Sheldon Beychok Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Public Administration at Louisiana State University, USA, and received his PhD from Brown University, USA. He is the co-author or co-editor of six books, including Public Policy and the Arts and America's Commitment to Culture (1995), as well as over fifty articles in scholarly journals and chapters in edited books. He has served as Executive Editor of the Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society for sixteen years.

Acknowledgments ii

Preface: Why Read About Public Culture? vi

Key Words xv

Foreword: What is Cultural Policy? 1

Public Culture and Political Culture 2

Public Culture as Public Policy 9

Objectives and Justifications of Public Culture 13

What is Culture? 22

Coda: The U.S. -- and the Rest 25

Part 1: Politics and Patronage

1 Hidden-Hand Culture: The American System of Cultural Patronage 36

The City of Washington 37

From The New Deal to the Great Society 38

Justification for Public Intervention 46<

Scope of Public Responsibility 51

Cultural Agencies: National and Subnational 54

State and Localities 58

Financing Culture 62

Coda: The Perils of a Hidden-Hand Culture 66

2 Exporting Civilization: French Cultural Diplomacy 77

Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy 78

La Civilization Française 82

Promoting French Culture Before 1940 90

French Cultural Diplomacy After 1945 93

Defending French and French Civilization 97

Reorganization and Reconceptualization 101

Coda: Which France is Exported? 104

3 Sports as Spectacle and Projecting Identity: The Case of Olympic Opening

Ceremonies 112

Spectacle and the Olympics 112

The 1936 Olympic Games 119

1984 Los Angeles 129

Beijing Olympics: Modernity and Continuity 135

Spectacle, Politics, Olympics 140

Coda: The Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Opening Ceremony 143

Part 2: Ideology and Identity

4 Coloniality: The Cultural Policy of Post-Colonialism < 155

Cultural Reassertion: Mexico After the 1920 Revolution 160

Cultural Restatement: Canada 165

Cultural Reconstruction: South Africa 172

Cultural Conundrum: Ukraine 176

Coda: Imperialism and the "Other" 185

5 Internal Coloniality: Cultural Regions and the Politics of Nationalism 198

What is a Cultural Region? 198

Quebec: From Survivance to Mondialisation 202

Puerto Rico: Culture Constructed 209

Scotland: Culture Renewed 214

Catalonia: Cultural Resistance 219

Coda: Region or Country 225

6 A Cultural Space: Acadiana and Cajun Culture 234

The Uniqueness of the Louisiana Cajuns 236

Acadiana - The Cajun Homeland in Louisiana 239

Cajun and Cajunness 244

Cajun Folk Heritage 249

The Cajun Patrimony 260

Coda: The King Cake 264

Afterword: Configuring Cultural Policy 269

Cultural Polarities 269

Cultural Darwinism 274

The Future Culture Policy 277

This book places the study of public support for the arts and culture within the prism of public policy making. It is explicitly comparative in casting cultural policy within a broad sociopolitical and historical framework. Given the complexity of national communities, there has been an absence of comparative analyses that would explain the wide variability in modes of cultural policy as reflections of public cultures and cultural identity. The discussion is internationally focused and interdisciplinary. Mulcahy contextualizes a wide variety of cultural policies and their relation to politics and identity by asking a basic question: who gets their heritage valorized and by whom is this done? The fundamental assumption is that culture is at the heart of public policy as it defines national identity and personal value.