Carlos Closa is Professor at the IPP-CSIC in Madrid, Spain, and Senior Fellow at the Global Governance Programme at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy.

Since its inception, the European Union (EU) has revised its foundational treaties several times, resulting in national ratification processes involving different actors, with varying success. This book focuses on the politics of ratification of EU Treaties and reviews the processes of ratification of EU primary legislation.

1. Introduction: Mapping out Ratification 2. The History of the Ratification Rules in the EU Treaties: Why they have not Changed? 3. The Role of National Parliaments 4. National Constitutions and EU Constitutional Change 5. The Role of Domestic Courts (Constitutional Courts and Advisory Bodies) in Ratification 6. Ratification Referendums 7. Citizens and Public Opinion: The Background for Ratification 8. Convergence and Divergence in Ratification Politics 9. Conclusion: Ratification and EU Constitutional Politics