This volume provides an international perspective on educational dependency in considering both theories and actual developments throughout the world. Some less developed countries, in expanding their education systems, have emulated Western academic-style systems and have increased their dependence on Western models in various respects including examination validation. Others have deliberately avoided this path and have experimented with systems more 'relevant' to development, often in a radical way.

1. Introduction: Dependence, Interdependence and Educational Development . Issues and Perspectives 2. Dependence and Interdependence in Education - An Overview 3. Educational Dependency - Two Lines of Enquiry 4. External and Internal Obstacles to Educational Development National and Regional Case Studies 5. Examination Reform and Educational Change in Sri Lanka, 1972-1982: Modernisation or Dependent Underdevelopment? 6. Dependence or Independence in Higher Education: Comments on the 1917 Calcutta University Commission .Response and Commentary 7. Institutional Transfer and Educational Dependency: An Indian Case Study 8. Dependency Perspectives On the Impact of Education on Family Livelihood Strategies in Rural Areas of Andean America . 9. Knowledge and Culture in the Middle East: Some Critical Reflections 10. The Meaning of Relevance in Education in Africa 11. Dark Side of the Moon - A Study in the Context of Passing or Failing First Year Examinations by African Male Students in The University of Zimbabwe 12. Dependence and Interdependence in The British Isles 13. Educational Inequality of Children of Caribbean Background in Britain.