INTELLIGENT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SMART CITY APPLICATIONS
This book provides smart city frameworks to address new difficulties by adding new features and allowing the city environment to react to collected data and information to increase the efficiency and sustainability of services for inhabitants.
Making a smart city is an emerging strategy to mitigate the problems generated by urban population growth and rapid urbanization. This book aims to provide a better understanding of the concept of smart cities and the application of an intelligent decision support system. Based on the analysis of existing information there are eight critical factors of smart city initiatives: management and organization, technology, governance, policy context, people and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment. This book will focus on the application of the decision support system in managing these eight crucial aspects of smart cities.
The intent in writing this book was also to provide a source that covers the stage-by-stage integration of the four key areas involving planning, physical infrastructure, ICT infrastructure, and deploying the smart solutions necessary for city transformation. With this as the motivation, "Decision Support Systems for Smart City Applications" provides the application of an intelligent decision support system for effectively and efficiently managing the transformation process, which can aid various supply chain stakeholders, academic researchers, and related professionals in building smart cities. Various chapters of this book are expected to support practicing managers during the implementation of smart solutions for city transformation.
Audience
This book is aimed at both academics and practitioners alike in the fields of intelligent computing, decision support systems, the manufacturing industry, supply chain managers, stakeholders, policymakers, and other technical and administrative personnel.

Loveleen Gaur, PhD, a full professor at Amity International Business School, Amity University, Noida is an established researcher and has filed many patents and copyrights in the area of AI/ML/IoT. She has been honored with prestigious national and international awards such as the "Senior Women Educator & Scholar Award" by National Foundation for Entrepreneurship Development on Women's Day, "Sri Ram Award" by Delhi Management Association (DMA), and "Distinguished Research Award" by Allied Academies, Jacksonville, Florida.

Vernika Agarwal, PhD, is an assistant professor (operations research) at Amity International Business School, Amity University, Noida. She has published extensively in international journals.

Prasenjit Chatterjee, PhD, is the Dean (Research and Consultancy) at MCKV Institute of Engineering, West Bengal, India. He has over 120 research papers in various international journals and peer-reviewed conferences. He has authored and edited more than 15 books on intelligent decision-making, supply chain management, optimization techniques, risk, and sustainability modeling. He has received numerous awards including Best Track Paper Award, Outstanding Reviewer Award, Best Paper Award, Outstanding Researcher Award, and University Gold Medal. Dr. Chatterjee is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Decision Analytics and Intelligent Computing.

Preface xv

Acknowledgement xxi

1 Techno Agri for New Cities by Smart Irrigation 1
Rohit Rastogi, Sunil Kumar Prajapati, Shiv Kumar and Satyam Verma

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Literature Review 4

1.3 Components Used 6

1.4 Proposed System 8

1.5 Android Mobile Application for Smart Irrigation 11

1.5.1 Main Page 11

1.5.2 Snapshot of Working Model (ICs and Working Model) 13

1.6 Novelty 14

1.7 Future Research Work 14

1.8 Limitations 14

1.9 Conclusions 15

References 15

2 A Case Study of Command-and-Control Center- A DSS Perspective 17
Prakash B.R. and Dattasmita H.V.

2.1 Introduction 18

2.1.1 Smart City 18

2.1.1.1 Characteristics of a Decision Support System 20

2.1.2 The Critical System 20

2.1.2.1 Safety Critical System 20

2.2 Command and Control Center-A Critical System 21

2.3 Conclusion 31

References 32

3 Inverse Tree Interleavers in UAV Communications for Interference Mitigation 35
Manish Yadav, Prateek Raj Gautam and Pramod Kumar Singhal

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Background 36

3.3 The Problem 38

3.4 Motivation 39

3.5 Interference Mitigation Using ITI 39

3.6 Interleavers for Interference Mitigation in UAV Communications 40

3.7 Inverse Tree Interleavers in UAV Communications 42

3.8 Decision Support System (DSS) in ITI Allocation 43

3.9 ITI-Based Clustered Interleaving and DSS for Smart City Framework 44

3.10 Conclusion 47

References 47

4 Introduction to DSS System for Smart Cities 53
Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Ravinder Gautam and Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal

4.1 Introduction 54

4.2 Smart City System Architecture 55

4.2.1 Sensing Plane 55

4.2.2 Communication Plane 55

4.2.3 Data Plane 56

4.2.4 Security Plane 56

4.3 Types of Network Sensors 57

4.3.1 Electronic Sensors 57

4.3.2 Chemical Sensors 57

4.3.3 Biosensors 57

4.3.4 Smart Grid Sensors 58

4.4 Role of Sensors in Smart Cities 58

4.4.1 Safety and Security Management 58

4.4.2 Service Delivery and Optimization 58

4.4.3 Traffic Control and Parking 58

4.4.4 Smart Building 59

4.4.5 Public Transport 59

4.4.6 Environment 59

4.4.7 Ethical Implications 60

4.5 Implications of Smart Sensors 60

4.6 Decision Modeling 60

4.7 Decision Support Systems (DSS) 63

4.7.1 Decision Support System Components 63

4.7.2 DSS Merits and Demerits 63

4.8 Chandigarh: Becoming a Smart City 64

4.8.1 Chandigarh City's SWOT Analysis 64

4.8.2 Challenges to Become the Smart City for Chandigarh 66

4.9 A Topology of Smart City Functions 67

4.9.1 Smart Economy (Competitiveness) 67

4.9.2 Smart People (Social and Human Capital) 68

4.9.3 Smart Governance (Participation) 68

4.9.4 Smart Mobility (Transport and ICT) 69

4.9.5 Smart Environment (Natural Resources) 70

4.9.6 Smart Living (Quality of Life) 71

4.10 Challenges for India's Smart Cities 71

4.11 The Government Should Focus on the Following Main Areas for the Country's Creation of Smart Cities 73

4.12 Conclusion 74

References 75

5 Evaluating Solutions to Overcome Blockchain Technology Implementation in Smart City Using a Hybrid Fuzzy SWARA-Fuzzy WASPAS Approach 77
Shivam Goyal, Vernika Agarwal and Sanskriti Goel

5.1 Introduction 78

5.2 Research Methodology 79

5.2.1 Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) Method 79

5.2.2 Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) Method 81

5.3 Research Design 84

5.4 Application of Proposed Methodology 87

5.5 Conclusion 95

References 96

6 Identification and Analysis of Challenges and Their Solution in Implementation of Decision Support System (DSS) in Smart Cities 99
Shreya Gupta, Shubhanshi Mittal and Vernika Agarwal

6.1 Introduction 100

6.2 Review of Literature 101

6.3 Research Methodology 104

6.3.1 Identification of Challengers and Their Solution 104

6.3.2 Fuzzy TOPSIS Methodology 107

6.4 Case Background 111

6.5 Case Description 112

6.6 Result Discussion 113

6.7 Conclusion 114

References 115

7 Evaluation of Criteria for Implementation of Capabilities in a Smart City's Service Supply Chain: A Teacher Trainer's Perspective 119
Vasundhara Kaul and Arshia Kaul

7.1 Introduction 120

7.2 Literature Review 122

7.2.1 Service Supply Chain 122

7.2.2 Education as a Service Supply Chain 123

7.2.3 Evaluation of Educational Supply Chain 123

7.2.4 Research Gap and Motivation 124

7.3 Objectives 124

7.4 Problem Definition 124

7.5 Numerical Illustration 126

7.6 Conclusion 133

References 133

8 Industry 5.0: Coexistence of Humans and Machines 137
Sandesh Kumar Srivastava, Pallavi Goel, Anisha and Savita Sindhu

8.1 Introduction 138

8.1.1 Industrial Revolutions 140

8.2 Literature Review 140

8.2.1 Industry 4.0 Characterization 140

8.2.2 Definition of Digitalization 142

8.3 Requirement of Fifth Industrial Revolution 142

8.4 Journey of Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 144

8.4.1 Industry 4.0 145

8.4.2 Industry 5.0 146

8.5 Industrial Revolution: Changes and Advancements 147

8.5.1 Big Data 147

8.5.2 Changes the Fifth Industry Revolution Might Bring 148

8.5.3 Working with Robots 148

8.5.4 Impact of Fifth Industrial Revolution on Education 149

8.5.5 Problems which the Fifth Industry Revolution Might Generate 149

8.5.6 What Might Help to Solve the Problems 149

8.5.7 The Role of Ethics in Industry 5.0 150

8.6 Conclusion 150

References 151

9 Smart Child Safety Framework Using Internet of Things 153
Afzal Hussain, Anisha , Pallavi Murghai Goel and Sudeshna Chakraborty

9.1 Introduction 154

9.1.1 Literature Background 154

9.2 Technology and Sensors Used 156

9.2.1 Proposed System Model and Working 158

9.2.2 Implementation Phases 160

9.3 Advantages 163

9.4 Conclusion 163

9.5 Future Scope 164

References 164

10 Water Content Prediction in Smart Agriculture of Rural India Using CNN and Transfer Learning Approach 167
Rohit Prasan Mandal, Deepanshu Dutta, Saranya Bhattacharjee and Subhalaxmi Chakraborty

10.1 Introduction 168

10.2 Proposed Method 169

10.2.1 Corpus Creation 169

10.2.2 Data Pre-Processing 170

10.2.3 Data Augmentation 170

10.2.4 CNN 171

10.2.5 Transfer Learning Algorithms 171

10.2.5.1 VGG- 16 172

10.2.5.2 VGG- 19 172

10.2.5.3 Inception V 3 173

10.2.5.4 Xception 174

10.2.5.5 ResNet 50 174

10.3 Results and Discussion 175

10.3.1 Comparison of Classifiers 175

10.4 Conclusion 186

References 187

11 Cognitiveness of 5G Technology Toward Sustainable Development of Smart Cities 189
Kumari Priyanka, Gnapika Mallavaram, Archit Raj, Devasis Pradhan and Rajeswari

11.1 Introduction 189

11.2 Literature Review 190

11.3 5G: Overview 191

11.4 Smart Cities 192

11.5 Cognitiveness of 5G Network 193

11.5.1 Advancement of Society 193

11.5.2 Industry Transformation 194

11.5.3 Amalgam of Education and Entertainment 194

11.6 Key Features for 5G Toward Sustainable Development of Smart Cities 194

11.7 Application Enabled by 5G 195

11.8 Sustainable 5G-Green Network 197

11.9 Electricity Harvesting for Smart Cities 198

11.10 Economic Impact of 5G Toward Sustainable Smart Cities 199

11.11 5G Challenges 200

11.12 Conclusion 200

References 201

12 Society 5.0 and Authenticity: Looking to the Future 205
F.-E. Ouboutaib, A. Aitheda and S. Mekkaoui

12.1 Introduction 206

12.2 Theoretical Framework 207

12.2.1 A Brief History of Industry 4.0 207

12.2.2 Marketing Authenticity in the Society 5.0 Era: Beyond Industry 4.0 208

12.3 Research Design and Methodology 210

12.4 Results 211

12.4.1 Measurement Model 211

12.5 Conclusion 214

References 216

Appendix 218

13 IoT-Based Smart City Applications: Infrastructure, Research and Development 219
Tarush Gupta, Princy Randhawa and Nikhil Vivek Shrivas

13.1 Introduction 219

13.2 Different Phases of Development 221

13.2.1 Investments, Research, and Planning 221

13.2.2 Execution and Deployment 222

13.2.3 Globalization of IoT-Based Technologies 223

13.2.4 Pilot Projects and City Designs 223

13.3 Current Scenario 228

13.3.1 Achievements and Milestones 228

13.3.2 IoT in Smart Cities 230

13.4 Conclusion and Future Work 231

References 231

Index 235