With the goal of accelerating the growth of green energy utilization for the sustainability of life on earth, this volume, written and edited by a global team of experts, goes into the practical applications that can be utilized across multiple disciplines and industries, for both the engineer and the student.

Green energy resources are gaining more attention in academia and industry as one of the preferred choices for sustainable energy conversion. Due to the energy demand, environmental impacts, economic needs, and social issues, green energy resources are being researched, developed, and funded more than ever before. Researchers are facing numerous challenges, but there are new opportunities waiting for green energy resource utilization within the context of environmental and economic sustainability. Efficient energy conversion from solar, wind, biomass, fuel cells, and others are paramount to this overall mission and the success of these efforts.

Written and edited by a global team of experts, this groundbreaking new volume from Scrivener Publishing presents recent advances in the study of green energy across a variety of fields and sources. Various applications of green energy resources, modeling and performance analysis, and grid integration aspects of green energy resources are considered. Not only laying out the concepts in an easy-to-understand way, but this team offers the engineer, scientist, student, or other professional practical solutions to everyday problems in their daily applications. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in these areas, this is a must-have for any library.

Prabhansu, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujarat, India. He is associated with the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Lab at the Institute and has been working in the field of solar energy extraction and gasification for the past 11 years.

Nayan Kumar, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. He earned his PhD in electrical engineering from the National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India, and he is an editor on a number of books with Scrivener Publishing.

Preface

1. Comparison of Drag Models for Hydrodynamic Flow Behavior Analysis of Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Sourav Ganguli, Prabhansu and Malay Kr. Karmakar

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Mathematical Model

1.3 Results and Discussion

1.4 Conclusion 18 References

2. Pathways of Renewable Energy Sources in Rajasthan for Sustainable Growth
Hemani Paliwal, Vikramaditya Dave and Sujeet Kumar

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Renewable Energy in India

2.3 Renewable Energy in Rajasthan

2.4 Government Initiatives

2.5 Major Achievements

2.6 Environment Effects

2.7 Conclusion

3. Distributed Generation Policy in India: Challenges and Opportunities
J. N. Roy, Uday Shankar and Ajaykumar Chaurasiya

3.1 Background

3.2 Electricity Access in India

3.3 DG System Position in Existing Legal and Policy Framework of India

3.4 Analysis and Challenges in the DG System

3.5 Conclusion

4. Sustainable Development of Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Protection Applications
Mohamed Jaffer Sadiq Mohamed

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Photocatalysis

4.3 Electrocatalysis

4.4 Supercapacitors

4.5 Conclusions

5. Semiconductor Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Construction, Working Principle, and Current Development
Hirendra Das and Pranayee Datta

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Solar Cell Operation (Photovoltaic Effect)

5.3 Quantum Dot Based Solar Cells

5.4 Materials for QDSSCs

5.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects

6. Review on Productivity Enhancement of Passive Solar Stills
Subbarama Kousik Suraparaju and Sendhil Kumar Natarajan

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Need for Desalination in India & Other Parts of World

6.3 Significance of Solar Energy -- Indian Scenario

6.4 Desalination Process Powered by Solar Energy

6.5 Solar Still

6.6 Methods to Augment the Potable Water Yield in Passive Solar Still

6.7 Factors Affecting the Rate of Productivity

6.8 Corollary on Productivity Enhancement Methods

6.9 Conclusions and Future Recommendations

7. Subsynchronous Resonance Issues in Integrating Large Windfarms to Grid
R. Mahalakshmi and K.C. Sindhu Thampatty

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Literature Survey

7.3 DFIG Based Grid Integrated WECs

7.4 Modeling of System Components

7.5 Analysis of Subsynchronous Resonance

7.6 Hardware Implementation

7.7 Conclusion

8. Emerging Trends for Biomass and Waste to Energy Conversion
Musademba Downmore, Chihobo Chido H. and Garahwa Zvikomborero

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Hydrothermal Processing

8.3 Opportunities and Challenges in Hydrothermal Processing (HTP)

8.4 Bio-Methanation Process

8.5 Integrating AD-HTP

8.6 Waste to Energy Conversion

8.7 Impacts of COVID-19 on Biomass and Waste to Energy Conversion

8.8 Conclusion

9. Renewable Energy Policies and Standards for Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles in India
Prateek Srivastava, Shashank Vyas and Nilesh B. Hadiya

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Structure of the Indian Power System

9.3 Status of RE in India

9.4 Legal Aspects of Electricity and Consumer Rights in India

9.5 Policies, Programs, and Standards Related to Energy Storage and EVs

9.6 Electricity Market-Related Developments for Accommodating More RE

9.7 Conclusion

10. Durable Catalyst Support for PEFC Application
P. Dhanasekaran, S. Vinod Selvaganesh and Santoshkumar D. Bhat

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Classification of Fuel Cells and Operating Principle

10.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)

10.4 Fuel Cell Performance and Stability

10.5 Effect of TiO2 Based Catalysts/Supports for H2-PEFC and DMFC

10.6 Variable Phase of TiO2 Supported Pt Towards Fuel Cell Application

10.7 Influence of Doping in TiO2 Towards ORR

10.8 Influence of Morphology Towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction

10.9 Effect of Titania-Carbon Composite Supported Pt Electrocatalyst for PEFC

10.10 PEFC Stack Operation and Durability Studies with Alternate Catalyst Support

10.11 Summary and Way Forward

11. Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells: Future of Renewable Energy Research
Devi Renuka K., Santoshkumar D. Bhat and Sreekuttan M. Unni

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Principle of URFC

11.3 Classification of URFCs

11.4 Case Studies on URFCs

11.5 Conclusion

12. Energy Storage for Distributed Energy Resources
Udaya Bhasker Manthati, Srinivas Punna and Arunkumar C. R.

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Types of Energy Storage Systems

12.3 Power Electronic Interface

12.4 Control of Different HESS Configurations

12.5 Battery Modeling Techniques

12.6 Applications

12.7 Challenges and Future of ESSs

12.8 Conclusions

13. Comprehensive Analysis on DC-Microgrid Application for Remote Electrification
Yugal Kishor, C.H. Kamesh Rao and R.N. Patel

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Background of DC-muG

13.3 DC-¿G Architectures

13.4 DC-¿G Voltage Polarity

13.5 Single Bus DC-¿G

13.6 Radial Architecture of DC-¿G

13.7 Ladder Type DC-¿G

13.8 Topological Overview of DC-DC Converters

13.9 DC-¿G Control Schemes

13.10 Key Challenges and Direction of Future Research

13.11 Conclusions

14. Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Solar Air Heater
Tabish Alam and Karmveer

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Solar Air Heater (SAH)

14.3 Performance Evaluation of a SAH

14.4 Collector Performance Testing and Prediction

14.5 Performance Enhancement Methods of Solar Air Collector

14.6 Thermo-Hydraulic Performance

14.7 Prediction of Net Effective Efficiency of Conical Protrusion Ribs on Absorber of SAH: A Case Study

14.8 Conclusions

15. Artificial Intelligent Approaches for Load Frequency Control in Isolated Microgrid with Renewable Energy Sources
S. Anbarasi, K. Punitha, S. Krishnaveni and R. Aruna

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Microgrid Integrated with Renewable Energy Resources

15.3 Control Strategy for LFC in Micro Grid

15.4 Simulation Results and Discussions: Case Study

15.5 Summary and Future Scope

16. Analysis of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machine
Resmi R.

16.1 Introduction

16.2 A Study on BDFIM

16.3 FEM Analysis of BDFIM Performance

16.4 Fabrication of BDFIM

16.5 Testing of Prototype BDFIM as Motor

16.6 Testing of BDFIM as a Generator

16.7 Conclusion

17. SMC Augmented Droop Control Scheme for Improved Small Signal Stability of Inverter Dominated Microgrid
Binu Krishnan U. and Mija S. J.

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Small Signal Model of Droop Controlled MG System

17.3 Droop Controller with SMC

17.4 Conclusion

18. Energy Scenarios Due to Southern Pine Beetle Outbreak in Honduras
Juan F. Reyez-Meza, Juan G. Elvir-Hernandez, Wilfredo C. Flores, Harold R. Chamorro, Jacobo Aguillon-Garcia, Vijay K. Sood, Kyri Baker, Ameena Al-Sumaiti, Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt and Wilmar Martinez

18.1 Introduction

18.2 SPB (Southern Pine Beetle)

18.3 Implementation of Methodology

18.4 Scenario Taking Into Consideration the Energy Demand

Conclusions

References

Appendix

Index