Clinical communication underpins safe patient care. The effective health professional sees illness through the patient's eyes and understands what matters most to him or her. Effectiveness means gathering hard clinical data about the physical changes affecting the patient, understanding why the patient is concerned, conveying this to other health care professionals and involving the patient at every stage of management decisions.

The evidence for good clinical communication is well established, although there are challenges. While listening is the basis of sound diagnosis and clinical reasoning, its absence affects patient outcomes particularly when patients are not permitted to make their concerns known or when there are gaps in information flow or communication between the professionals caring for them.

The ABC of Clinical Communication considers the evidence pertinent to individual encounters between patients and their health professionals, how to achieve efficient flow of information, the function of clinical teams and developing a teaching programme. Topics covered include:

• The consultation
• Clinical communication and personality type
• Shared decision making
• Communication in clinical teams
• Communication in medical records
• Communication in specific situations e.g. mental health, end of life
• Teaching clinical communication

The chapter authors are clinicians involved in communicating with patients, research and training healthcare professionals of the future. This team reflects the multidisciplinary approach required to develop effective clinical communication.

Nicola Cooper, Consultant Physician and Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK.

John Frain, Director of Clinical Skills, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Preface, vii

Contributors, ix

1 Why Clinical Communication Matters, 1
John Frain

2 The Consultation, 7
Jonathan Silverman

3 Communication and Personality Type, 13
Gillian B. Clack

4 Shared Decision?-Making, 19
John Frain and Andy Wearn

5 Communication in Clinical Teams, 29
Alison Cracknell and Nicola Cooper

6 Communication in Medical Records, 35
Nigel D.C. Sturrock

7 Advanced Communication for Specific Situations, 41
Nivedita Aswani, Vanessa Cox and Julia Surridge

8 Communication and Mental Health, 49
Lee Smith

9 Communication at the End of Life, 55
Adam Walczak, Phyllis Butow and Josephine Clayton

10 Teaching Clinical Communication, 61
John Frain and Magdy Abdalla

Recommended Books, Articles and Websites, 69

Index, 71