Professor Amir H. Sam is Head of Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK. He is a Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist at Hammersmith and Charing Cross hospitals, UK.

Professor Karim Meeran is Head of Speciality for Endocrinology at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, and Director of Teaching at Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.

Dr Neil Hill is a Consultant in Diabetes, Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK.

Acknowledgements vi

1 Thyroid anatomy and physiology 1

2 Hypothyroidism 8

3 Thyrotoxicosis 13

4 Goitre thyroid nodules and cancer 26

5 Adrenal anatomy and physiology 34

6 Adrenal insufficiency 38

7 Primary hyperaldosteronism 47

8 Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas 53

9 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 60

10 Adrenal incidentalomas 66

11 Pituitary anatomy and physiology 69

12 Pituitary tumours and other sellar disorders 74

13 Hypopituitarism 87

14 Hyperprolactinaemia 91

15 Acromegaly 96

16 Cushing syndrome 101

17 Diabetes insipidus 109

18 Hyponatraemia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion 113

19 Male reproductive physiology and hypogonadism 119

20 Gynaecomastia 127

21 Female reproductive physiology amenorrhoea and premature ovarian insufficiency 131

22 Polycystic ovary syndrome 139

23 Menopause 144

24 Calcium homeostasis hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism 147

25 Hypocalcaemia 155

26 Osteomalacia 160

27 Osteoporosis 164

28 Paget Disease of Bone 170

29 Disorders of puberty 174

30 Growth and stature 181

31 Endocrine disorders of pregnancy 189

32 Neuroendocrine tumours 198

33 Obesity 209

34 Diabetes mellitus: classification pathogenesis and diagnosis 217

35 Treatment of diabetes mellitus 225

36 Diabetic emergencies 238

37 Diabetic retinopathy 246

38 Diabetic nephropathy 252

39 Diabetic neuropathy 257

40 Musculoskeletal and dermatological manifestations of diabetes 261

Index 269

Balancing depth and accessibility, Endocrinology and Diabetes: Lecture Notes, 2nd Edition, provides medical students and junior doctors with the key information needed to understand mechanisms of endocrine conditions.

This popular revision guide covers endocrine anatomy and physiology, scientific background, clinical presentations, diagnosis and management of various endocrine disorders. Clear and concise chapters focus on conditions commonly encountered in both clinical practice and assessments.

Now in full colour, the second edition has been updated with further figures that demonstrate features of endocrine conditions.

• Features enhanced and expanded coverage of all major topics within diabetes and endocrinology


• Reflects the current knowledge base, evidence, and best practices in the field


• Provides easy access to the scientific background, presentation, diagnosis, and management of each condition


• Offers up-to-date information for those preparing for MRCP or endocrinology specialty exams


• Includes boxed sections in every chapter highlighting key points to aid revision and recall

Endocrinology and Diabetes: Lecture Notes, 2nd Edition, remains a must-have for medical students, specialist nurses, junior doctors, and trainees working on endocrinology rotations or preparing for the Specialty Certificate Examination in Endocrinology.

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