Parvaneh Tavakoli is Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Reading. Her research, which focuses on SLA, continuously aims to bridge the gap between research and professional practice, and has won awards from the British Council. Recent publications include her co-authored book, Task-based Language Teaching (co-authored with Faez, 2019).

1. Introduction; 2. Fluency from a psycholinguistic perspective; 3. Measuring fluency; 4. Fluency in L2 task-based research; 5. Fluency in second language pedagogy; 6. Fluency in second language testing; 7. Fluency in different contexts; 8. Conclusion.