Part I: Overview; 1. Global Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves and Their Development John F. Stolz, Cassandra Ziegler, W. Michael Griffin; 2. Unconventional Shale Gas and Oil Extraction in the Appalachian Basin John F. Stolz, W. Michael Griffin; 3. An Overview of Unconventional Gas Extraction in Australia: The First Decade Geralyn Mccarron, Shay Dougall; 4. The Governance of Fracking: History, Differences, and Trends John D. Graham, John A. Rupp; Part II: Environmental Analysis; 5. Air Quality Albert A. Presto Xiang Li; 6. Methane and Climate Change Robert W. Howarth; 7. Water Usage and Management Jessica M. Wilson, Jeanne M. Vanbriesen; 8. Seismicity Induced by the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources David W. Eaton; 9. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Nathaniel R. Warner, Moses A. Ajemigbitse, Katharina Pankratz, Bonnie Mcdevitt; 10. Metal Isotope Signatures as Tracers for Unconventional Oil and Gas Fluids Brian W. Stewart, Rosemary C. Capo; 11. Isotopes as Tracers of Atmospheric and Groundwater Methane Sources Amy Townsend-Small; 12. The Microbiology of Shale Gas Extraction Sophie L. Nixon; Part III: Case Studies; 13. Evaluation of Potential Water Quality Impacts in Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Application of Elemental Ratio Approaches to Pennsylvania Pre-Drill Data Daniel J. Bain, Tetiana Cantlay, Rebecca Tisherman, John F. Stolz; 14. A Baseline Ecological Study of Tributaries in the Tenmile Creek Watershed, Southwest Pennsylvania Brady Porter, Elizabeth Dakin, Sarah Woodley, John F. Stolz; 15. The Effects of Shale Gas Development on Forest Landscapes and Ecosystems in the Appalachian Basin Margaret C. Brittingham, Patrick J. Drohan; 16. Managing TDS and Sulfate in the Monongahela River Three Rivers QUEST Paul Ziemkiewicz, Melissa O'neal, Tamara Vandivort, Joseph Kingsbury, Rachel Pell; Index.