Oscan was spoken in Southern Italy in the second half of the first millennium BC. Here, for the first time, all the evidence for the spelling of Oscan in the Greek alphabet is collected and examined. Understanding the orthography of these inscriptions has far-reaching implications for the historical phonology and morphology of Oscan and the Italic languages (for example providing unique evidence for the reconstruction of the genitive plural). A striking discovery is the lack of a standardised orthography for Oscan in the Greek alphabet, which seriously problematises attempts to date inscriptions by assuming the consistent chronological development of spelling features. There are also intriguing insights into the linguistic situation in South Italy. Rather than a separate community of Oscan-speakers who had adopted and subsequently adapted the Greek alphabet in isolation, we should posit groups who were in touch with contemporary developments in Greek orthography due to widespread Greek-Oscan bilingualism.

Nicholas Zair is a Research Associate on the AHRC-funded 'Greek in Italy' project based in the Faculty of Classics at the University of Cambridge. He studied in Oxford before taking up a Research Fellowship at Peterhouse, Cambridge. He has published widely on the historical developments of the orthography, phonology and morphology of the Italic and Celtic languages, and is particularly interested in the effects of language contact. His previous book, The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Celtic (2012), won the John Rhys prize of the Societas Celtologica Europea.

1. Introduction; 2. Vowels; 3. Consonants; 4. Influence from the Oscan alphabet; 5. Conclusions; 6. Oscan words discussed in this book.