These articles are devoted to the two main aspects of medieval warfare: men and technology. Men fought, led, and ultimately killed in war, while the technology that they used facilitated these tasks. The first group of essays highlights human strengths in the fighting of medieval wars, with a focus on events of the 14th and 15th centuries, specific

Contents: Introduction; Men: God and defeat in medieval warfare: some preliminary thoughts; Medieval declarations of war: an example from 1212; God, leadership, Flemings and archery: contemporary perceptions of victory and defeat at the Battle of Sluys, 1340; Contemporary views of Edward III's failure at the Siege of Tournai, 1340; Hunger, Flemish participation and the flight of Philip VI: contemporary accounts of the Siege of Calais, 1346-47; A woman as leader of men: Joan of Arc's military career; The lack of a Western European military response to the Ottoman invasions of Eastern Europe from Nicopolis (1396) to Mohács (1526); Guns: The forgotten battle of Bevershoutsveld, 3 May, 1382: technological innovation and military significance; The use of gunpowder weaponry by and against Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years War; Gunpowder weaponry at the Siege of Constantinople, 1453; Gunpowder and early gunpowder weapons; The technology of gunpowder weaponry in Western Europe during the Hundred Years War; The impact of gunpowder weaponry on siege warfare in the Hundred Years War; The effectiveness of 15th-century shipboard artillery; A 1445 reference to shipboard artillery; Gunpowder weaponry and the rise of the early modern state; Military surgical practice and the advent of gunpowder weaponry; Methodology: Catapults are not atomic bombs: towards a redefinition of 'effectiveness' in premodern military technology; Index.