Logical competence is an ability to draw logically correct conclusions. It has its own historical forms and develops from elementary methods of logical reasoning to modern artificial intelligence systems.

Andrew Schumann has a PhD from the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus. He is Professor and Head of the Department of Cognitive Science, and Mathematical Modelling at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Poland. He has participated in the project Physarum Chip: Growing Computers from Slime Mould supported by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ICT-2011-8). The main objectives are to design and fabricate a distributed biomorphic computing device built and operated by slime mould Physarum polycephalum.

Introduction. Philosophical and Methodological Foundations for Studying the History of Logic of Various Religious and Philosophical Schools. Some Ways of Discovering the Logical Competence in Social Practices. Conditions and Reasons for the Emergence of Logical Competence in the Sumerian-Akkadian Culture. Directions of the Development of Logical Competence in the Hellenistic Period, which Covered the Cultures of Greece, the Middle East and North India. Some Prospects for the Practical Application of the Theory of Logical Competence in the Modern Legal Culture. Conclusion.