"In the United States, democratic insecurity may seem rather sudden, with the presidential election of Donald Trump in 2016, an outsider candidate with weak commitments to liberal democratic norms, uncomfortable admiration for authoritarian strongmen, a toxic mix of xenophobic and racial politics, and little deference to the Constitution. This view culminated in the violent, January 6, 2021, insurrection, where Trump supporters broke into the U.S. Capitol building to disrupt the certification of Electoral College votes confirming Joe Biden the ... winner of the 2020 presidential election. For others, 2016 and everything that followed only laid bare the fragility of American democratic institutions, preserving counter-majoritarian institutions and exposed by gerrymandering practices and decades of voting suppression, and with it, a persistent second-class citizenship for America's ethnic and racial minorities"--

Sara Wallace Goodman is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine. She is the author of Immigration and Membership Politics in Western Europe (Cambridge, 2014), and the recipient of several APSA awards. Her work has been funded by the National Science and Russell Sage Foundations.

1. Introduction; 2. Citizenship and Democratic Instability; 3. Measuring Citizenship Norms: Behavior, Belief, and Belonging; 4. Patterns of Partisan Citizenship; 5. Polarization; 6. Foreign Interference in Elections; 7. Conclusion.