"Viking Mediologies is a study of pre-modern multimedia rooted in the embodied poetic practice of Viking Age skalds. Prior study of the skaldic tradition has focused on authorship-distinctions of poetic style, historical contexts, and attention to the oeuvres of the skalds whose names are preserved in the written tradition. Kate Heslop reconsiders these not as texts but as pieces in a pre-modern media landscape, focusing on poetry's medial capacity to embody memory, visuality, and sound. Mobile, hybrid, diasporic social formations-bands of raiders and traders, petty kingdoms, colonial expeditions-achieved new prominence in the Viking Age. Skalds offered the leaders of these groups something uniquely valuable. With their complicated poetry, they claimed to be able to capture shared contingent meanings and re-mediate them in named, memorable, reproducible works. The commemorative poetry in kviºuhâattr remembers histories of ruin and loss. Skaldic ekphrasis discloses and reproduces the presence of the gods. Drâottkvµtt encomium evokes for the leader's retinue the soundscape of battle. As writing arrived in Scandinavia in the wake of Christianization, the media landscape shifted. In the poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, skalds adjusted to the demands of a literate audience, while the historical and poetological texts of the Icelandic High Middle Ages opened a dialogue between Latin Christian ideas of mediation and local traditions. In the Second Grammatical Treatise, for example, the literate technology of the grid is used to analyze the complex resonances of drâottkvµtt as the output of a syllable-spewing hurdy-gurdy-a poetry machine. Offering both new readings of both canonical works such as Ynglingatal, Ragnarsdrâapa, and Hâattatal, and examinations of lesser-known texts like Glymdrâapa, Lâiknarbraut, and Sturla ¿âorºarson's Hâakonarkviºa, Viking Mediologies explores the powers and limits of poetic mediation"--

General Abbreviations | vii
Abbreviations for Poets and Poems | ix
Acknowledgments | xiii
Introduction | 1
Part 1: Making Memories
Rök and Ynglingatal | 15
1. Death in Place | 20
2. Forging the Chain | 46
Stone-Stanza-Memory | 72
Part 2: Seeing Things
3. The Viking Eye | 81
4. Seeing, Knowing, and Believing in the Prose Edda | 108
Part 3: Hearing Voices
5. The Noise of Poetry | 135
6. A Poetry Machine | 160
Conclusion | 185
Notes | 193
References | 257
Index | 291
Plates follow page 78

Kate Heslop is an Associate Professor in the Scandinavian Department at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research focuses on memory, mediality, and the senses in Old Norse textual culture. Recent edited volumes include (with Jürg Glauser) RE:writing: Medial Perspectives on Textual Culture in the Icelandic Middle Ages and (with Klaus Müller-Wille and others) Skandinavische Schriftlandschaften / Scandinavian Textscapes.