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On the eve of the Civil War, the Regular Army of the United States was small, dispersed, untrained for large-scale operations, and woefully unprepared to suppress the rebellion of the secessionist states. Although the Regular Army expanded significantly during the war, reaching nearly sixty-seven thousand men, it was necessary to form an enormous army of state volunteers that overshadowed the Regulars and bore most of the combat burden. Nevertheless, the Regular Army played several critically important roles, notably providing leaders and exemplars for the Volunteers and managing the administration and logistics of the entire Union Army. In this first comprehensive study of the Regular Army in the Civil War, Clayton R. Newell and Charles R. Shrader focus primarily on the organizational history of the Regular Army and how it changed as an institution during the war, to emerge afterward as a reorganized and permanently expanded force. The eminent, award-winning military historian Edward M. Coffman provides a foreword.
Both Clayton R. Newell and Charles R. Shrader finished their military careers as the chief of the historical services division at the U.S. Army Center of Military History and are now independent scholars and historical consultants. Newell is the author or editor of several books, including Lee vs. McClellan: The First Campaign; Shrader has also written or edited a number of books, including The Muslim-Croat Civil War in Central Bosnia: A Military History, 1991-1994. Edward M. Coffman, a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is the author of many works, including The Hilt of the Sword: The Career of Peyton C. March and The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I.
List of Illustrations 000
Foreword 000
Preface 000
Acknowledgments 000
[introduction] The Regular Army on the Eve of the Civil War
The Role of the Regular Army in American Society 000
The U.S. Army before April 12, 1861 000
The Staff Departments, April 1861 000
The Line of the Army, April 1861 000
Stationing of the Army, January 1861 0000
Conclusion 000
[part 1]
1. Headquarters of the Army 000
Commander in Chief 000
Secretary of War 000
General in Chief 000
Formulation of Strategy 000
Direction of Operations 000
Civilian Personnel of the War Department 000
The Army Budget, 1861
Conclusion 000
2. Regular Army Personnel, 1861
Decision to Keep the Regular Army Intact 000
Expansion of the Regular Army, 1861
Temporary Regulars 000
Enlisted Personnel 000
Officers 000
Losses of Personnel 000
Conclusion 000
[part 2]
3. Overview 000
Evolution of the Staff Departments to 1861 000
Expansion of the Staff Departments 000
Staff Officers in the Field 000
Staff Enlisted Personnel in the Field 000
Common Challenges and Common Solutions 000
Conclusion 000
4. The Administrative Departments 000
Adjutant General's Department 000
Inspector General's Department 000
Judge Advocate General's Department 000
Pay Department 000
Temporary Bureaus 000
Conclusion 000
5. Subsistence Department 000
Mission and Functions 000
Leadership 000
Personnel 000
Organization 000
Operations and Issues 000
Challenges and Achievements 000
6. Ordnance Department 000
Mission and Functions 000
Leadership 000
Personnel 000
Organization 000
Operations and Issues 000
Challenges and Achievements 000
7. Quartermaster's Department 000
Mission and Functions 000
Leadership 000
Personnel 000
Organization 000
Operations and Issues 000
Challenges and Achievements 000
8. Medical Department 000
Mission and Functions 000
Leadership 000
Personnel 000
Organization 000
Operations and Issues 000
Challenges and Achievements 000
[part 3]
9. Transition to War 000
Army Life on the Eve of the War 000
Confrontation in the East 000
Surrender in Texas 000
Events in the West 000
Adding More Regulars 000
The First Big Battle 000
War Begins in the West 000
A Year of Transition 000
10. The Infantry 000
Regimental Colonels 000
The Old Regiments 000
The New Regiments 000
Casualties 000
Valverde, February 1862 000
The Regular Infantry Division in the East 000
The Regular Infantry Brigade in the West 000
Regular Infantry in the War 000
11. The Cavalry 000
Regimental Colonels 000
Regiments 000
Casualties 000
Cavalry Horses 000
Cavalry with the Army of the Potomac 000
The Army of the Shenandoah 000
The Last Campaign, 1865 000
Regular Cavalry in the War 000
12. The Artillery 000
Artillery in the Mexican War 000
Regimental Colonels 000
Regiments 000
Casualties 000
Guns 000
Artillery Horses 000
Horse Artillery 000
Artillery in the Army of the Potomac 000
Gettysburg, July 1863 000
Other Union Army Artillery 000
Shiloh, April 1862 000
Regular Artillery in the War 000
13. The Fighting Bureaus 000
Corps of Engineers 000
Signal Corps 000
[conclusion] Reflections on the Regular Army in the Civil War 000
Transition to Peace 000
"The Efficient Discharge of Duty" 000
"The Performance of Gallant Deeds" 000
An Epitaph for the Regular Army 000
Appendix: Selected Acts of Congress Pertaining to the Regular Army 000
Notes 000
Glossary of Acronyms Used in the Text 000
Selected Bibliography 000
Index 000
