David Hume's theory of action is well known for several provocative theses, including that passion and reason cannot be opposed over the direction of action. Elizabeth S. Radcliffe defends an original interpretation of Hume's views on passion, reason, and motivation which is consistent with other theses in Hume's philosophy, loyal to his texts, and historically situated. She challenges the now orthodox interpretation of Hume on motivation, presenting an alternative that situates Hume closer to "Humeans" than many recent interpreters have. Part of the strategy is to examine the thinking of the early modern intellectuals to whom Hume responds. Most of these thinkers insisted that passions lead us to pursue harmful objects unless regulated by reason; and most regarded passions as representations of good and evil, which can be false. Understanding Hume's response to these claims requires appreciating his respective characterizations of reason and passion. The author argues that Hume's thesis that reason is practically impotent apart from passion is about beliefs generated by reason, rather than about the capacity of reason. Furthermore, the argument makes sense of Hume's sometimes-ridiculed description of passions as "original existences" having no reference to objects. The author also shows how Hume understood morality as intrinsically motivating, while holding that moral beliefs are not themselves motives, and why he thought of passions as self-regulating, contrary to the admonitions of the rationalists.

Elizabeth S. Radcliffe is Professor of Philosophy at the College of William & Mary. Her research interests include Hume, early modern philosophy, theories of the passions, motivational psychology, practical reason, and ethics. She is editor of A Companion to Hume (Blackwell, 2008), co-editor of Late Modern Philosophy: Contemporary Readings with Commentary (Wiley-Blackwell, 2006), and author of many journal articles and book chapters. Radcliffe has served as Hume Society President, co-editor of the journal Hume Studies, Executive Director of the American Philosophical Association, and chair of the Departments of Philosophy at Santa Clara University and at the College of William & Mary.