• Acknowledgments


• Introduction


• Part 1: Approaches to the East


• 1. Christopher Partridge


• Adventures in "Wisdom-land": Orientalist Discourse in Early Theosophy


• 2. Donald Lopez


• Orientalist vs. Theosophist


• Part 2: Representations of the East


• 3. James A. Santucci


• H. P. Blavatsky's Acquaintance with the Language of the Gods


• 4. Tim Rudbøg


• Early debates in the reception of Buddhism: Theosophy and Esoteric Buddhism


• 5. Tim Rudbøg and Erik Reenberg Sand


• H. P. Blavatsky's early reception of Hindu Philosophy


• 6. Joscelyn Godwin


• The Mahatma Letters


• 7. Patrick D. Bowen


• "The real pure Yog": Yoga in the early Theosophical Society and the Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor


• 8. Gillian McCann


• Emerging Representations of the East: The Role of Theosophical


• Periodicals 1879-1900


• 9. David Weir


• Theosophy and Modernism: A Shared but Secret History


• Part 3: Interactions with the East


• 10. K. Paul Johnson


• Theosophy in the Bengal Renaissance


• 11. Erik Reenberg Sand


• The Marriage between the Theosophical Society and the Arya Samaj


• 12. Tim Rudbøg


• The West moves East, Blavatsky's discourse for Universal Brotherhood in India


• 13. Isaac Lubelsky


• Allan Octavian Hume, Madame Blavatsky, and the Foundation of the


• Indian National Congress


• 14. Mark Bevir


• Theosophy, Cultural Nationalism, and Home Rule


• 15. Michael Bergunder


• Experiments with Theosophical Truth: Gandhi, esotericism, and global religious history

Dr. Tim Rudbøg is Associate Professor and director of The Copenhagen Center for the Study of Theosophy and Esotericism at the University of Copenhagen. As a historian of religions, Rudbøg's previous publications have particularly focused on Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Theosophy, hermeticism, intellectual history, and the academic study of Western esotericism.
Erik Reenberg Sand is Associate Professor, emeritus, at the University of Copenhagen. His English publications include articles on Hindu ancestor rituals in the Puranas, the history and rituals of the Maharashtrian place of pilgrimage, Pandharpur, religion and the Indian constitution, and the history of the discipline of the phenomenology of religions.

The essays in Imagining the East explore how Theosophists during the formative period imagined the religions and cultures of the East. The authors examine the relationship of such representations to orientalism, the history of ideas, politics, and culture at large and discuss how these esoteric or theosophical representations mirrored conditions and values current in nineteenth-century mainstream intellectual culture. The essays also look at how the early Theosophical Society's representations of the East differed from mainstream 'orientalism' and how the Theosophical Society's mission in India was distinct from that of British colonialism and Christian missionaries.