The concept of pharaonic Egypt as a unified, homogeneous, and isolated cultural entity is misleading. Ancient Egypt was a rich tapestry of social, religious, technological, and economic interconnections among numerous cultures from disparate lands. In fifteen chapters divided into five thematic groups, Pharaoh's Land and Beyond uniquely examines Egypt's relationship with its wider world. The first section details the geographical contexts of interconnections by examining ancient Egyptian exploration, maritime routes, and overland passages. In the next section, chapters address the human principals of association: peoples, with the attendant difficulties of differentiating ethnic identities from the record; diplomatic actors, with their complex balances and presentations of power; and the military, with its evolving role in pharaonic expansion. Natural events, from droughts and floods to illness and epidemics, also played significant roles in this ancient world, as examined in the third section. The final two sections explore the physical manifestations of interconnections between pharaonic Egypt and its neighbors, first in the form of material objects and second, in the powerful exchange of ideas. Whether through diffusion and borrowing of knowledge and technology, through the flow of words by script and literature, or through exchanges in the religious sphere, the pharaonic Egypt that we know today was constantly changing--and changing the cultures around it. This illustrious work represents the first synthesis of these cultural relationships, unbounded by time, geography, or mode.

C: Pearce Paul Creasman is Associate Professor & Curator at the University of Arizona, author or co-author of fifty articles, and editor of Archaeological Research in the Valley of the Kings and Ancient Thebes.
W: Richard H. Wilkinson is Regents' Professor Emeritus at the University of Arizona, author or editor of eleven books, including The Oxford Handbook of the Valley of the Kings.

Table of Contents
List of Contributors 4
Acknowledgments 6
List of Figures and Plates 7
Introduction 13
Pearce Paul Creasman and Richard H. Wilkinson
SECTION I: Pathways
Chapter 1 Finding the Beyond: Exploration 16
Thomas Schneider
Chapter 2 Paths in the Deep: Maritime Connections 31
Pearce Paul Creasman and Noreen Doyle
Chapter 3 Pathways to Distant Kingdoms: Land Connections 52
Gregory Mumford
SECTION II: People
Chapter 4 Children of Other Gods: Social Interactions 80
Bettina Bader
Chapter 5 Between Brothers: Diplomatic Interactions 100
Richard H. Wilkinson and Noreen Doyle
Chapter 6 The Armies of Re 118
Anthony Spalinger
SECTION III: Objects
Chapter 7 The Long Arm of Merchantry: Trade Interactions 143
Samuel Mark
Chapter 8 Artisans and Their Products: Interaction in Art and Architecture 166
Stuart Tyson Smith
Chapter 9 Traded, Copied, and Kept: The Ubiquitous Appeal of Scarabs 186
Vanessa Boschloos
SECTION IV: Ideas
Chapter 10 Technology in Transit: The Borrowing of Ideas in Science and Craftwork 206
Ian Shaw
Chapter 11 The Flow of Words: Interaction in Writing and Literature during the Bronze Age
Part I: Writing Systems: Cuneiform and Hieroglyphs in the Bronze Age: Script Contact and the Creation of New Scripts 226
Orly Goldwasser
Part II: Literature: Egyptian and Levantine Belles-Lettres-Links and Influences during the Bronze Age 238
Noga Ayali-Darshan
Chapter 12 All Gods Are Our Gods: Religious Interaction
Part I: "From Bes to Baal": Religious Interconnections between Egypt and the East 254
Izak Cornelius
Part II: Egypt and Nubia 264
Kathryn Howley
Part III: Religious Interaction between Egypt and the Aegean in the 2nd Millennium BCE 275
Nanno Marinatos
SECTION V: Events
Chapter 13 Violence in Earth, Water and Sky: Geological Hazards 284
James A. Harrell
Chapter 14 The Fickle Nile: Effects of Droughts and Floods 300
Judith Bunbury
Chapter 15 Illness from Afar: Epidemics and Their Aftermath 316
Rosalie David
References and Further Reading 332
Index 417